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Paraquat (PQ) has been implicated in Parkinsonian neurodegeneration; however, the influence of age on susceptibility to PQ-induced neuropathology remains insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated age-dependent effects of paraquat exposure on neurobehaviour, substantia nigra histomorphology, and serum alpha-synuclein levels in male Wistar rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-three male Wistar rats were assigned into juvenile, young adult, and adult age categories, each further subdivided into control, PQ-treated, and PQ+recovery groups. Paraquat (10\u00a0mg\/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered twice weekly for three weeks. Recovery groups were maintained for a two-month post-exposure period. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate locomotor and anxiety-related functions. Serum and nigral alpha-synuclein concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while histological examination of the substantia nigra was performed to assess neuronal integrity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adult rats exhibited a significant reduction in locomotor activity following PQ exposure (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020) and showed more prominent histopathological alterations within the substantia nigra compared with juvenile and young-adult animals. Although improvement in tissue architecture was observed following paraquat withdrawal, residual alterations persisted, particularly in adults. Nigral alpha-synuclein concentrations did not differ significantly among treatment groups in any age cohort. Serum alpha-synuclein levels were similarly unchanged in most groups, except for a reduction observed in recovering young-adult animals (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age influences vulnerability to PQ-induced neurotoxicity, with adult animals showing greater susceptibility to behavioral and histological damage. However, serum total alpha-synuclein levels did not consistently parallel central neuropathology, suggesting limited reliability as a standalone peripheral biomarker of PQ-induced Parkinsonism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-026-01019-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:23:51Z","timestamp":1781785431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-related susceptibility to paraquat-induced neurotoxicity in male wistar rats: effects on neurobehaviour, substantia nigra cytoarchitecture, and alpha-synuclein levels"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kelechi","family":"Ichie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azuoma","family":"Asomugha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izuchukwu","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438885","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1438885","volume":"15","author":"R Berlot","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berlot R, Pavlovi\u0107 A, Kojovi\u0107 M. 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