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In contrast to the passive damage, plants have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves from herbivores. Salicylic acid, a widely present endogenous hormone in plants, has been found to play an important role in inducing plant resistance to insects. In this study, we screened and identified the insect resistance gene\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is simultaneously induced by SA and\n                      <jats:italic>O. furnacalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      feeding, through preliminary transcriptome data analysis. The functional validation of\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      was carried out using bioinformatics, RT-qPCR, and heterologous expression protein feeding assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both SA and\n                      <jats:italic>O. furnacalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      treatment increased the expression abundance of SA-synthesis pathway genes and\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      in three maize strains, and the upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      was observed strongly at 6 hours post-treatment. The expression of\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed a temporal relationship with SA pathway genes, indicating that\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a downstream defense gene regulated by SA. Protein feeding assays using two different expression vectors demonstrated that the variation in SPI protein activity among different strains is mainly due to protein modifications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our research results indicate that\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as a downstream defense gene regulated by SA, is induced by SA and participates in maize's insect resistance. The differential expression levels of\n                      <jats:italic>SPI<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene and protein modifications among different maize strains are one of the reasons for the variation in insect resistance. This study provides new insights into ecological pest control in maize and valuable insights into plant responses to SA-induced insect resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-04855-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T22:02:26Z","timestamp":1709157746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Salicylic acid inducing the expression of maize anti-insect gene SPI: a potential control strategy for Ostrinia furnacalis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yuanlong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengshan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4855_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12949","volume":"17","author":"J Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo J, Qi J, He K, Wu J, Bai S, Zhang T, Zhao J, Wang Z. 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