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The major economic problem in carrot cultivation is yellow disease caused by <jats:italic>Bactericera trigonica<\/jats:italic>, which induces biotic stress and has the greatest impact on crop productivity. Comprehensive studies on the mechanism of carrot defense response to biotic stress caused by <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation have yet to be conducted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The changes in photosynthetic pigments, proline, TPC, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and MDA content, DPPH radical scavenging ability, and antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and POX in carrot leaves in response to insect sex (female and male), rapid response (during the first six hours), and long-term response to <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of our study strongly suggest that <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation causes significant changes in primary and secondary metabolism and oxidative status of carrot leaves. Photosynthetic pigment content, TPC, and DPPH and CAT activities were significantly reduced in carrot leaves in response to insect infestation. On the other hand, proline, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> content, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were increased in carrot leaves after <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation. The results indicate that <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> attenuates and delays the oxidative stress responses of carrot, allowing long-term feeding without visible changes in the plant. Carrot responded to long-term <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation with an increase in SOD and POX activity, suggesting that these enzymes may play a key role in plant defense mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first comprehensive study strongly suggesting that <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation causes significant changes in primary and secondary metabolism and an attenuated ROS defense response in carrot leaves that enables long-term insect feeding. The information provides new insights into the mechanisms of carrot protection against <jats:italic>B. trigonica<\/jats:italic> infestation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-04946-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T05:01:58Z","timestamp":1712206918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Physiological and oxidative stress response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to jumping plant-louse Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) infestation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marija","family":"\u0110uri\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sla\u0111ana","family":"Jevremovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milana","family":"Trifunovi\u0107-Mom\u010dilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Milo\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Suboti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161anka","family":"Jerini\u0107-Prodanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1300055","volume":"100","author":"M Iorizzo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iorizzo M, Senalik DA, Ellison SL, Grzebelus D, Cavagnaro PF, Allender C, Brunet J, Spooner DM, Van Deynze A, Simon PW. 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