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Salinity significantly challenges salt-sensitive vegetables like lettuce, particularly in a greenhouse. Hydroponics water quality ensures nutrient solution stability, enhances nutrient uptake, prevents contamination, regulates pH and electrical conductivity, and maintains system components. This study aimed to mitigate salt-induced damage in lettuce grown via the floating culture method under 50\u00a0mM NaCl salinity by applying biostimulants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined lettuce\u2019s physiological, biochemical, and agronomical responses to salt stress after applying biostimulants such as amino acids, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), fulvic acid, and chitosan. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a randomized complete block design, and each treatment was replicated four times. Biostimulant applications alleviated salt\u2019s detrimental effects on plant weight, height, leaf number, and leaf area. Yield increases under 50\u00a0mM NaCl were 75%, 51%, 31%, 34%, and 33% using vermicompost, PGPR, fulvic acid, amino acid, and chitosan, respectively. Biostimulants improved stomatal conductance (58\u2013189%), chlorophyll content (4\u201310%), nutrient uptake (15\u2013109%), and water status (9\u2013107%). They also reduced MDA content by 26\u201342%. PGPR (1.0\u00a0ml L\n                      <jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), vermicompost (2\u00a0ml L\n                      <jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and fulvic acid (40\u00a0mg L\n                      <jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were particularly effective, enhancing growth, yield, phenol, and mineral content while reducing nitrate levels under saline conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biostimulants activated antioxidative defense systems, offering a sustainable, cost-effective solution for mitigating salt stress in hydroponic lettuce cultivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05520-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T05:03:10Z","timestamp":1724821390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The use of biostimulants as a key to sustainable hydroponic lettuce farming under saline water stress"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Boran","family":"\u0130kiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayriye Yildiz","family":"Dasgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Balik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebnem","family":"Kusvuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazim S.","family":"Gruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"5520_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10101540","volume":"10","author":"A Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez A, Fern\u00e1ndez JA, Pascual JA, Ros M, Saez-Tovar J, Martinez-Sabater E, Gruda NS, Egea-Gilabert C. 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