{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:21:03Z","timestamp":1793298063143,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Plant Biol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-07730-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:17:28Z","timestamp":1764332248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to combined exposure of Pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), and artificial sweeteners (ASs)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M\u00fcjgan","family":"Elveren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"7730_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.053","volume":"72","author":"B Petrie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petrie B, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern BA. Review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring. Water Res. 2014;72:3\u201327.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"7730_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2190-4715-24-29","volume":"24","author":"W Brack","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brack W, Dulio V, Slobodnik J. The Norman network and its activities on emerging environmental substances with a focus on effect-directed analysis of complex environmental contamination. Environ Sci Eur. 2012;24:29.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Eur"},{"key":"7730_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.235","volume":"646","author":"BM Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma BM, Be\u010danova J, Scheringer M, Sharma A, Bharat GK, Whitehead PG, et al. Health and ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and artificial sweeteners) in surface and groundwater (drinking water) in the Ganges River Basin, India. Sci Total Environ. 2019;646:1459\u201367.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"7730_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12721-3","volume":"28","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Yu X, Yu F, Huang X. Occurrence, sources and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and artificial sweeteners in groundwater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28:20903\u201320.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"7730_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.03.021","volume":"367","author":"L Lishman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lishman L, Smyth SA, Sarafin K, Kleywegt S, Toito J, Peart T, Lee B, Servos M, Beland M, Seto P. Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario. Can Sci Tot Enviro. 2006;367(2\u20133):544\u201358.","journal-title":"Can Sci Tot Enviro"},{"issue":"3","key":"7730_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.12.010","volume":"22","author":"M Bartrons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bartrons M, Pe\u00f1uelas J. Pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2017;22(3):194\u2013203.","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"7730_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115221","volume":"263","author":"ZW Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen ZW, Shen ZW, Hua ZL, Li XQ. Global development and future trends of artificial sweetener research based on bibliometrics. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;263:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"7730_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125517","volume":"366","author":"D Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li D, Xing Y, Li L, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhu H, et al. Accumulation, translocation and transformation of artificial sweeteners in plans: a critical review. Enviro Poll. 2025;366:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Enviro Poll"},{"key":"7730_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naik AQ, Zafar T, Shrivastava VK. Environmental impact of the presence, distribution, and use of artificial sweeteners as emerging sources of pollution. J Enviro Pub Health. 2021;2021:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6624569.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6624569"},{"key":"7730_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.241","volume":"616\u2013617","author":"YY Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang YY, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Liu WR, Zhang QQ, Yao L, Hu LX, Zhang JN, Jiang YX, Ying GG. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) in surface and ground waters and their application as indication of wastewater contamination. Sci Tot Enviro. 2018;616\u2013617:816\u201323.","journal-title":"Sci Tot Enviro"},{"key":"7730_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.06.019","volume":"03\u2013504","author":"C Postigo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postigo C, Barcelo D. Synthetic organic compounds and their transformation products in groundwater: occurrence, fate and mitigation. Sci Tot Enviro. 2015;03\u2013504:32\u201347.","journal-title":"Sci Tot Enviro"},{"key":"7730_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.02.013","volume":"200","author":"WR Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu WR, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Chen ZF, Yang YY, Zhang QQ, et al. Biocides in the Yangtze River of China: spatiotemporal distribution, mass load and risk assessment. Enviro Poll. 2015;200:53\u201363.","journal-title":"Enviro Poll"},{"issue":"17","key":"7730_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6347","DOI":"10.1021\/es7030856","volume":"42","author":"N Nakada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakada N, Kiri K, Shinohara H, Harada A, Kuroda K, Takizawa S, et al. Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products as water-soluble molecular markers of sewage. Environ Sci Technol. 2008;42(17):6347\u201353.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"7730_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.053","volume":"48","author":"NH Tran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tran NH, Hu J, Li J, Ong SL. Suitability of artificial sweeteners as indicators of raw wastewater contamination in surface water and groundwater. Water Res. 2014;48:443\u201356.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7730_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.37427\/botcro-2024-006","volume":"83","author":"M Elveren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elveren M. Effects of artificial sweeteners on antioxidant enzymes and physiological parameters in Triticum aestivum (Poaceae). Acta Bot Croat. 2024;83(1):69\u201375.","journal-title":"Acta Bot Croat"},{"key":"7730_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"M Elveren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elveren M, Osma E. Mixtures of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) effect plant stress markers and nutrient uptake in wheat and barley. J Sci Reports-A. 2022;48:1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Sci Reports-A"},{"key":"7730_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s40995-017-0386-7","volume":"43","author":"E T\u00fcrko\u011flu","year":"2019","unstructured":"T\u00fcrko\u011flu E, Osma E, Elveren M. Effects of acetaminophen (paracetamol) and gemfibrozil on seed development and antioxidant enzyme activities in different wheat varieties. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science. 2019;43:2075\u201382.","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science"},{"key":"7730_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s41742-018-0081-3","volume":"12","author":"E Osma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osma E, C\u0131g\u0131r Y, Karnjanapiboonwong A, Anderson TA. Evaluation of selected pharmaceuticals on plant stress markers in wheat. Int J Environ Res. 2018;12:179\u201388.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res"},{"key":"7730_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(89)80179-8","volume":"135","author":"R Angelini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Angelini R, Federico R. Histochemical evidence of poliamin oxidation and generation of hydrogen peroxide in the cell wall. J Plant Physio. 1989;135:212\u20137.","journal-title":"J Plant Physio"},{"key":"7730_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.84.2.450","volume":"84","author":"EA Havir","year":"1987","unstructured":"Havir EA, Mchale NA. Biochemical and developmental characterization of mutiple forms of catalase in tobacco leaves. J Plant Physio. 1987;84:1291\u20134.","journal-title":"J Plant Physio"},{"issue":"4","key":"7730_CR21","first-page":"555","volume":"48","author":"S Agarwal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Pandey V. Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Bio. Plant. 2004;48(4):555\u201360.","journal-title":"Plant"},{"key":"7730_CR22","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Current protocols in food analytical chemistry","author":"HK Lichtenthaler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lichtenthaler HK, Buschmann C. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV\u2013VIS spectroscopy. In: Wrolstad RE, editor. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. Volume 3. NewYork: Wiley; 2001. pp. 3\u20138. 1."},{"issue":"4","key":"7730_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s40415-014-0090-1","volume":"37","author":"E Osma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Osma E, \u0130lhan V, Yal\u00e7\u0131n \u0130E. Heavy metals accumulation causes toxicological effects in aquatic Typha domingensis Pers. Braz J Bot. 2014;37(4):461\u20137.","journal-title":"Braz J Bot"},{"issue":"6","key":"7730_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5264\/eiyogakuzashi.44.307","volume":"44","author":"M Oyaizu","year":"1986","unstructured":"Oyaizu M. Studies on products of Browning reaction antioxidative activities of products of Browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Japanese J Nut Diet. 1986;44(6):307\u201315.","journal-title":"Japanese J Nut Diet"},{"issue":"4","key":"7730_CR25","first-page":"529","volume":"21","author":"ZT Murathan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murathan ZT, Ozdinc M. A research on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of Anchusa Azurea miller var. Azurea plant grown in Ardahan and Elaz\u0131\u011f cities. KSU J Agri Nat. 2018;21(4):529\u201334.","journal-title":"KSU J Agri Nat"},{"issue":"3","key":"7730_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.51753\/flsrt.1357325","volume":"4","author":"T Varol","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varol T, Osma E, \u015eim\u015fek S, Elveren M. Antioxidant activities of plant species growing in different habitats (serpentine, gypsum and limestone). Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies. 2023;4(3):150\u20136.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"7730_CR27","volume":"10","author":"CC Chang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods. J Food Drug Anal. 2002;10(3):3.","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal"},{"key":"7730_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157337","volume":"846","author":"MK Ravichandran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ravichandran MK, Philip L. Fate of carbamazepine and its effect on physiological characteristics of wetland plant species in the hydroponic system. Sci Total Environ. 2022;846:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"7730_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.131078","volume":"426","author":"MK Ravichandran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ravichandran MK, Philip L. Insight into the uptake, fate and toxic effects of pharmaceutical compounds in two wetland plant species through hydroponics studies. Chem Eng J. 2021;426:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"7730_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.178","volume":"201","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Lv Y, Xu K, Xiao X, Xi B, Lu S. Response of ginger growth to a tetracycline-contaminated environment and residues of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes. Chemosphere. 2018;201:137\u201343.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"7730_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149180","volume":"483","author":"BK Karki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karki BK, Philip L. Fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products like metronidazole, naproxen, and methylparaben and their effect on the physiological characteristics of two wetland plants. Chem Eng J. 2024;483:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"7730_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9781","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA08090G","volume":"13","author":"E Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim E, Song M, Ramu AG, Choi D. Analysis of impacts of exogenous pollutant bisphenol A penetration on soybeans roots and their biological growth. RSC Adv. 2023;13:9781\u20137.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"7730_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.054","volume":"557\u2013558","author":"A Christou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christou A, Antoniou C, Christodoulou C, Hapeshi E, Stavrou J, Michael C, FattaKassinos D, Fotopoulos V. Stress-related phenomena and detoxification mechanisms induced bycommon pharmaceuticals in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Sci Tot Enviro. 2016;557\u2013558:652\u201364.","journal-title":"Sci Tot Enviro"},{"key":"7730_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3930-x","volume":"26","author":"S Zezulka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zezulka S, Kummerov\u00e1 M, Babula P, H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 M, Oravec M. Sensitivity of physiological and biochemical endpoints in early ontogenetic stages of crops under diclofenac and Paracetamol treatments. Enviro Sci Poll Res. 2019;26:3965\u201379.","journal-title":"Enviro Sci Poll Res"},{"key":"7730_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.11.041","volume":"234","author":"C Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun C, Dudley S, Trumble J, Gan J. Pharmaceutical and personal care products-induced stress symptoms and detoxification mechanisms in cucumber plants. Environ Pollut. 2018;234:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"5","key":"7730_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.17221\/413\/2016-CJFS","volume":"36","author":"K Kobeti\u010dov\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kobeti\u010dov\u00e1 K, Mocov\u00e1 KA, Mrh\u00e1lkov\u00e1 L, Petrov\u00e1 S. Effects of artificial sweeteners on Lemna minor. Czech J Food Sci. 2018;36(5):386\u201391.","journal-title":"Czech J Food Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"7730_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.08.016","volume":"48","author":"SS Gill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gill SS, Tuteja N. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010;48(12):909\u201330.","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"7730_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Zulfiqar F, Raza A, Mohsin SM, Mahmud JA, Fujita M. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under abiotic stress: revisiting the crucial role of a universal defense regulator. Antioxidants. 2020;9(8):681.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080681"},{"key":"7730_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2012.07.014","volume":"196","author":"G Agati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agati G, Azzarello E, Pollastri S, Tattini M. Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance. Plant Sci. 2012;196:67\u201376.","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"7730_CR40","first-page":"2194","volume":"41","author":"G Noctor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noctor G, Mhamdi A, Foyer CH. Oxidative stress and antioxidative systems: recipes for successful data collection and interpretation. Plant Cell Enviro. 2018;41(10):2194\u2013208.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Enviro"},{"issue":"481","key":"7730_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao H, Hu J, Wang Z, Yang G, et al. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L). BMC Plant Biol. 2023;23(481):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7730_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010241","volume":"28","author":"MJ Pieni\u0105\u017cek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pieni\u0105\u017cek MJ, Cicho\u0144ski J, Michalik P, Chrzanowski G. Effect of heavy metal stress on phenolic compounds accumulation in winter wheat plants. Molecules. 2023;28(1):241.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"7730_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201820170622","volume":"90","author":"D Gonz\u00e1lez-Mendoza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mendoza D, Troncoso-Rojas R, Gonzalez-Soto T, Grimaldo-Juarez O, Cece\u00f1a-Duran C, Duran-Hernandez D, et al. Changes in the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in Prosopis glandulosa treated with cadmium and copper. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2018;90:1465\u201372.","journal-title":"An Acad Bras Cienc"},{"key":"7730_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101623","volume":"22","author":"MH Ibrahim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ibrahim MH, Chee Kong Y, Mohd Zain NA. Effect of cadmium and copper exposure on growth, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in the medicinal plant Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) merr). Molecules. 2017;22:1623.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"7730_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2307\/3870059","volume":"7","author":"RA Dixon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dixon RA, Paiva NL. Stress-lnduced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell. 1995;7(7):1085\u201397.","journal-title":"Plant Cell"}],"container-title":["BMC Plant Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12870-025-07730-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12870-025-07730-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12870-025-07730-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T14:14:54Z","timestamp":1764339294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12870-025-07730-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12870-025-07730-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1662"}}