{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:07:26Z","timestamp":1791526046621,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Plant Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia halophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      Hedge is an endemic sage species confined to the salt steppe ecosystems of Central Anatolia (T\u00fcrkiye), particularly around the Lake Tuz Basin, and is classified as Endangered (EN) by the IUCN. Its narrow distribution, low seed germination rates, and habitat pressures threaten its survival and restrict the sustainable exploitation of its valuable phytochemicals, such as rosmarinic acid and other phenolics. In vitro micropropagation represents a strategic approach for producing genetically uniform and phytochemically rich plant material, thereby supporting both ex situ conservation and biotechnological applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three germination strategies were compared. Chemical priming and direct gibberellic acid (GA\u2083) applications were largely ineffective, whereas in vitro germination on GA\u2083-enriched media produced viable seedlings. WPM medium supplemented with 0.5\u20131.0\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9 GA\u2083 achieved the highest germination rate (20%). The optimized sterilization treatment minimized fungal contamination (4.4%) while sustaining a high proportion of healthy shoots (73%). For shoot induction, MS medium consistently outperformed WPM, achieving 78% induction and 1.51 shoots per explant versus 50% and 0.86 on WPM. Among cytokinins, meta-topolin (mT) provided the most reliable results, ensuring 90\u2013100% shoot induction with high shoot quality at 0.2\u20131.0\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9. Rooting experiments demonstrated the superiority of IBA over NAA, with 0.5\u00a0mg L\u207b\u00b9 IBA yielding 66% rooting and 77% acclimatization. Biochemical profiling showed that micropropagated plantlets accumulated higher phenolic contents (TPC\u2009=\u200915.9\u00a0mg GAE g\u207b\u00b9 DW) and stronger antioxidant capacity (IC\u2085\u2080=24.6\u00a0\u00b5g mL\u207b\u00b9) compared with seed-derived plants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study successfully established a stage-specific and efficient micropropagation protocol for\n                      <jats:italic>S. halophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      . While WPM medium was more favorable for seed germination, MS medium supplemented with mT and IBA was optimal for shoot regeneration and rooting. The protocol not only enhances propagation efficiency but also increases secondary metabolite accumulation, providing a reliable platform for conservation, sustainable utilization, and potential commercial production of this endangered halophyte.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-026-08152-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T06:34:24Z","timestamp":1768804464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of an efficient in vitro micropropagation and biochemical profiling of Salvia halophila, an endemic Turkish sage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M\u00fcn\u00fcre","family":"Tanur Erkoyuncu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"8152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.12705\/661.7","volume":"66","author":"BT Drew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drew BT, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gallegos JG, Xiang C-L, Kriebel R, Drummond CP, Walked JB, Sytsma KJ. Salvia united: the greatest good for the greatest number. Taxon. 2017;66:133\u201345.","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"8152_CR2","unstructured":"Edmondson J, Davis P, Doronicum L. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean islands. 1975."},{"key":"8152_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0107-055X.2007.00143.x","volume":"25","author":"A Kaya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaya A, Goger F, Baser KHC. Morphological, anatomical and palynological characteristics of Salvia halophila endemic to Turkey. Nord J Bot. 2007;25:351\u20138.","journal-title":"Nord J Bot"},{"key":"8152_CR4","first-page":"30","volume":"19","author":"A \u0130pek","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u0130pek A, G\u00fcrb\u00fcz B. Salvia species in flora of Turkey and their status in danger. Tarla Bitk Mer Ara\u015f Enst Derg. 2010;19:30\u20135.","journal-title":"Tarla Bitk Mer Ara\u015f Enst Derg"},{"key":"8152_CR5","first-page":"265","volume":"32","author":"S Albayrak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Albayrak S, Aksoy A, Hamzao\u011flu E. Determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Turkish endemic Salvia halophila hedge. Turk J Biol. 2008;32:265\u201370.","journal-title":"Turk J Biol"},{"key":"8152_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.04.086","volume":"129","author":"M Ko\u015far","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ko\u015far M, G\u00f6ger F, Ba\u015fer KHC. In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of salvia halophila hedge from Turkey. Food Chem. 2011;129:374\u20139.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"8152_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.111932","volume":"143","author":"JSK Stankovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stankovi\u0107 JSK, Sre\u0107kovi\u0107 N, Mi\u0161i\u0107 D, Ga\u0161i\u0107 U, Imbimbo P, Monti DM, Mihailovi\u0107 V. Bioactivity, biocompatibility and phytochemical assessment of Lilac sage, salvia verticillata L.(Lamiaceae)-A plant rich in Rosmarinic acid. Ind Crops Prod. 2020;143:111932.","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"8152_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.72.18.02.228","volume":"13","author":"M Fotovvat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fotovvat M, Radjabian T, Saboora A. HPLC fingerprint of important phenolic compounds in some salvia L. species from Iran. Rec Nat Prod. 2019;13:37\u201349.","journal-title":"Rec Nat Prod"},{"key":"8152_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-022-01378-2","volume":"45","author":"S Noor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noor S, Mohammad T, Rub MA, Raza A, Azum N, Yadav DK, Hassan MI, Asiri AM. Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of Rosmarinic acid. Arch Pharm Res. 2022;45:205\u201328.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"8152_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9769","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9769","volume":"8","author":"HI Al-Jaber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Jaber HI, Shakya AK, Elagbar ZA. HPLC profiling of selected phenolic acids and flavonoids in salvia eigii, salvia hierosolymitana and salvia viridis growing wild in Jordan and their in vitro antioxidant activity. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9769.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"8152_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9223-y","volume":"102","author":"MK Swamy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swamy MK, Sinniah UR, Ghasemzadeh A. Anticancer potential of Rosmarinic acid and its improved production through biotechnological interventions and functional genomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102:7775\u201393.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"8152_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44337-7","volume":"13","author":"A Moshari-Nasirkandi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moshari-Nasirkandi A, Alirezalu A, Alipour H, Amato J. Screening of 20 species from lamiaceae family based on phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and HPLC profiling. Sci Rep. 2023;13:16987.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8152_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.07.011","volume":"175","author":"V Ad\u0131mc\u0131lar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ad\u0131mc\u0131lar V, Kalayc\u0131o\u011flu Z, Aydo\u011fdu N, Dirmenci T, Kahraman A, Erim FB. Rosmarinic and carnosic acid contents and correlated antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of 14 salvia species from Anatolia. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019;175:112763.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"8152_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.11.071","volume":"108","author":"EK Akkol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akkol EK, G\u00f6ger F, Ko\u015far M, Ba\u015fer KHC. Phenolic composition and biological activities of Salvia halophila and Salvia virgata from Turkey. Food Chem. 2008;108:942\u20139.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"8152_CR15","first-page":"1223","volume":"12","author":"N Dastanpoor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dastanpoor N, Fahimi H, Shariati M, Davazdahemami S, Hashemi SMM. Effects of hydropriming on seed germination and seedling growth in Sage (Salvia officinalis L). Afr J Biotechnol. 2013;12:1223\u20138.","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"key":"8152_CR16","first-page":"203","volume":"2","author":"\u0130 \u00d6zcan","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u00d6zcan \u0130, Arabac\u0131 O, \u00d6\u011fretmen N. Baz\u0131 ada\u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinde farkl\u0131 tohum \u00e7imlendirme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi. Turk Tarim Gida Bilim Teknol Derg. 2014;2:203\u20137.","journal-title":"Turk Tarim Gida Bilim Teknol Derg"},{"key":"8152_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-022-01011-z","volume":"77","author":"VdSCN Salgado","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salgado VdSCN, Zago L, Antunes AEC, Miyahira RF. Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) seed germination: A brief review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2022;77:485\u201394.","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"8152_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0744.1","volume":"97","author":"Z Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang Z, Liu S, Bradford KJ, Huxman TE, Venable DL. The contribution of germination functional traits to population dynamics of a desert plant community. Ecology. 2016;97:250\u201361.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"8152_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9070828","volume":"9","author":"I Radosavljevi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radosavljevi\u0107 I, Antoni\u0107 O, Hru\u0161evar D, Kri\u017ean J, Satovic Z, Turkovi\u0107 D, Liber Z. The influence of a seedling recruitment strategy and a clonal architecture on a Spatial genetic structure of a salvia brachyodon (Lamiaceae) population. Plants. 2020;9:828.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"8152_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9010096","volume":"9","author":"M Papafotiou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Papafotiou M, Vlachou G, Martini AN. Investigation of the effects of the explant type and different plant growth regulators on micropropagation of five mediterranean salvia spp. Native to Greece. Horticulturae. 2023;9:96.","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"8152_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-014-0681-3","volume":"121","author":"L Bassolino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bassolino L, Giacomelli E, Giovanelli S, Pistelli L, Cassetti A, Damonte G, Bisio A, Ruffoni B. Tissue culture and aromatic profile in Salvia dolomitica Codd. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2015;121:83\u201395.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"8152_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112892","volume":"157","author":"S Eri\u015fen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eri\u015fen S, Kurt-G\u00fcr G, Servi H. Vitro propagation of Salvia sclarea L. by meta-Topolin, and assessment of genetic stability and secondary metabolite profiling of micropropagated plants. Ind Crops Prod. 2020;157:112892.","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"8152_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-019-10040-4","volume":"56","author":"K Grigoriadou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grigoriadou K, Trikka F, Tsoktouridis G, Krigas N, Sarropoulou V, Papanastasi K, Maloupa E, Makris A. \u039cicropropagation and cultivation of Salvia sclarea for essential oil and sclareol production in Northern Greece. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2020;56:51\u20139.","journal-title":"Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant"},{"key":"8152_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020227","volume":"13","author":"I Grzegorczyk-Karolak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Krzemi\u0144ska M, Kiss AK, Owczarek-Januszkiewicz A, Olszewska MA. Role of phytohormones in biomass and polyphenol accumulation in salvia Bulleyana in vitro culture. Biomolecules. 2023;13:227.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"8152_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12081889","volume":"12","author":"AN Martini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martini AN, Vlachou G, Papafotiou M. Effect of explant origin and medium plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of salvia tomentosa, a native Sage of the Northeastern mediterranean basin. Agronomy. 2022;12:1889.","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"8152_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13072-18","volume":"53","author":"B-L Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu B-L, Fan Z-B, Liu Z-Q, Qiu X-H, Jiang Y-H. Comparison of phytochemical and antioxidant activities in micropropagated and seed-derived salvia miltiorrhiza plants. HortScience. 2018;53:1038\u201344.","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"8152_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.10.030","volume":"103","author":"I Orhan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orhan I, Kartal M, Naz Q, Ejaz A, Yilmaz G, Kan Y, Konuklugil B, \u015eener B, Choudhary MI. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase evaluation of selected Turkish salvia species. Food Chem. 2007;103:1247\u201354.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"8152_CR28","first-page":"126","volume":"3","author":"\u00dc Suba\u015f\u0131","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suba\u015f\u0131 \u00dc, G\u00fcvensen A. Seed germination studies on rare endemic Salvia smyrnaea Boiss.(Lamiaceae). Biol Divers Conserv. 2010;3:126\u201332.","journal-title":"Biol Divers Conserv"},{"key":"8152_CR29","first-page":"703","volume":"8","author":"P Orcan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Orcan P, Kuru \u0130S. Studies on in vitro germination on endemic salvia L. species. Int J Agric Environ Food Sci. 2024;8:703\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Agric Environ Food Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.15258\/sst.2016.44.2.17","volume":"44","author":"M Khajeh-Hosseini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khajeh-Hosseini M, Mostashar-Shahidi T. Role of mucilage in germination of fourteen species of medicinal plants. Seed Sci Technol. 2016;44:435\u201340.","journal-title":"Seed Sci Technol"},{"key":"8152_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v7i3.504-510.2318","volume":"7","author":"\u00c7 S\u00f6nmez","year":"2019","unstructured":"S\u00f6nmez \u00c7, G\u00f6k\u00e7\u00f6l A, Soysal A\u00d6\u015e, Bayram E, \u00c7elen AE. Ada\u00e7ay\u0131 (Salvia spp.) t\u00fcrlerinde \u00e7imlenme ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f performans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalar. Turkish J Agriculture-Food Sci Technol. 2019;7:504\u201310.","journal-title":"Turkish J Agriculture-Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"8152_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(05)88006-X","volume":"88","author":"M Ashraf","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ashraf M, Foolad M. Pre-sowing seed treatment\u2014A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non\u2010saline conditions. Adv Agron. 2005;88:223\u201371.","journal-title":"Adv Agron"},{"key":"8152_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00116","volume":"7","author":"S Hussain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hussain S, Khan F, Hussain HA, Nie L. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of seed priming-induced chilling tolerance in rice cultivars. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:116.","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR34","first-page":"123","volume":"22","author":"E Y\u00fccel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel E, Y\u0131lmaz G. Effects of different alkaline metal salts (NaCl, KNO3), acid concentrations (H2SO4) and growth regulator (GA3) on the germination of salvia cyanescens Boiss. Bal Seeds Gazi Univ J Sci. 2009;22:123\u20137.","journal-title":"Bal Seeds Gazi Univ J Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR35","first-page":"62","volume":"36","author":"E Gur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gur E, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Guney K, Sevik H. The effect of hormone treatments on germination and seedling characters of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) seeds. Alinteri J Agric Sci. 2021;36:62.","journal-title":"Alinteri J Agric Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plan. 1962;15:473\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x"},{"key":"8152_CR37","first-page":"421","volume":"30","author":"G Lloyd","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lloyd G, McCown B. Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Comb Proc Int Plant Propagators Soc. 1980;30:421\u20137.","journal-title":"Comb Proc Int Plant Propagators Soc"},{"key":"8152_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(68)90403-5","volume":"50","author":"OLC Gamborg","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gamborg OLC, Miller RA, Ojima K. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res. 1968;50:151\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"8152_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI12829-17","volume":"53","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Zhang D. In vitro seed germination of Kalmia latifolia L. hybrids: A means for improving germination and speeding up breeding cycle. HortScience. 2018;53:535\u201340.","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"8152_CR40","first-page":"3246","volume":"2","author":"AV Neri-Soto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neri-Soto AV, Ch\u00e1vez-Simental JA, Corral-Rivas JJ, Montiel-Antuna E, Rubio-Graciano RB. Vitro germination of Picea Chihuahuana in different culture media and light conditions. Vitro. 2015;2:3246\u201350.","journal-title":"Vitro"},{"key":"8152_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13542","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha52113542","volume":"52","author":"H Ekinci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ekinci H, Saskin N, Korkmaz \u015e, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Y. The effect of sodium Nitroprusside on the vegetative development of Aronia melanocarpa [Michx.] Elliot under in vitro conditions. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca. 2024;52:13542\u201313542.","journal-title":"Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca"},{"key":"8152_CR42","first-page":"233","volume":"36","author":"Z Kara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kara Z, Yazar K, Ekinci H, Do\u011fan O, \u00d6zer A. The effects of ortho silicone applications on the acclimatization process of grapevine rootstocks. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 2022;36:233\u20137.","journal-title":"Selcuk J Agr Food Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-022-10279-4","volume":"58","author":"S Kushnarenko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kushnarenko S, Aralbayeva M, Rymkhanova N, Reed BM. Initiation pretreatment with plant preservative Mixture\u2122 increases the percentage of aseptic walnut shoots. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2022;58:964\u201371.","journal-title":"Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant"},{"key":"8152_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99017-1","volume":"299","author":"S Vl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vl S. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol. 1999;299:152\u201378.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"8152_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2003.05.007","volume":"85","author":"G Miliauskas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miliauskas G, Venskutonis P, Van Beek T. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem. 2004;85:231\u20137.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"8152_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/1811199a0","volume":"181","author":"MS Blois","year":"1958","unstructured":"Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;181:1199\u2013200.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8152_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.611","volume":"13","author":"II Koleva","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koleva II, Van Beek TA, Linssen JP, Groot Ad, Evstatieva LN. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochemical Analysis: Int J Plant Chem Biochem Techniques. 2002;13:8\u201317.","journal-title":"Phytochemical Analysis: Int J Plant Chem Biochem Techniques"},{"key":"8152_CR48","first-page":"1035296","volume":"13","author":"SP Ghodsimaab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghodsimaab SP, Makarian H, Ghasimi Hagh Z, Gholipoor M. Scanning electron microscopy, biochemical and enzymatic studies to evaluate hydro-priming and cold plasma treatment effects on the germination of Salvia leriifolia Benth. seeds. Front. Plant Sci. 2023;13:1035296.","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilinska E, Adamczak A, Buchwald W. Effects of osmopriming and storage temperature on the seed quality of Salvia Przewalskii Maxim. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus. 2022;21:3\u201310.","DOI":"10.24326\/asphc.2022.1.1"},{"key":"8152_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392020000200219","volume":"80","author":"L Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao L, Yan M. Calcium chloride priming increases chilling tolerance in Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. Chil J Agric Res. 2020;80:219\u201326.","journal-title":"Chil J Agric Res"},{"key":"8152_CR51","first-page":"100564","volume":"42","author":"R Nazir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nazir R, Qadir RU, Yousuf M, Sultan P, Nawchoo IA, Hassan QP. Exploring the efficacy of hormonal treatments and pre-sowing techniques on seed germination of Salvia Rosmarinus spenn. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants. 2024;42:100564.","journal-title":"J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants"},{"key":"8152_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13676","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha52213676","volume":"52","author":"VA Stoian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stoian VA, Vidican R, Balint C, Stoian V, V\u00e2tc\u0103 A, Tru\u0218C\u0102 M, Horvat M. Camen, D. Seed priming methods tested on Salvia officinalis L. germination according to BBCH scale. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca. 2024;52:13676\u201313676.","journal-title":"Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca"},{"key":"8152_CR53","first-page":"60","volume":"2","author":"EY Gokdogan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gokdogan EY, Burun B. The studies on seed germination and in vitro cultures of salvia L. species from Turkish flora. Nat Pro Biotech. 2022;2:60\u201373.","journal-title":"Nat Pro Biotech"},{"key":"8152_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-020-00316-4","volume":"20","author":"M Saffariha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saffariha M, Jahani A, Potter D. Seed germination prediction of Salvia limbata under ecological stresses in protected areas: an artificial intelligence modeling approach. BMC Ecol. 2020;20:48.","journal-title":"BMC Ecol"},{"key":"8152_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-023-11156-z","volume":"43","author":"R Amooaghaie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amooaghaie R, Mardani Korrani F, Ghanadian M, Ahadi A, Pak A, Mardani G. Hybrid priming with He\u2013Ne laser and hydrogen peroxide advances phenolic composition and antioxidant quality of Salvia officinalis under saline and non-saline condition. J Plant Growth Regul. 2024;43:1012\u201325.","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"8152_CR56","first-page":"47","volume":"19","author":"E Dada\u0219o\u011flu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dada\u0219o\u011flu E, \u00d6zer H. Effects of different temperatures and gibberellic acid (GA3) doses on germination of salvia species. Z Arznei-Gew\u00fcrzpfl. 2014;19:47\u201351.","journal-title":"Z Arznei-Gew\u00fcrzpfl"},{"key":"8152_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112273","volume":"218","author":"MF Ya\u00f1ez-Yazlle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ya\u00f1ez-Yazlle MF, Romano-Armada N, Acreche MM, Rajal VB, Irazusta VP. Halotolerant bacteria isolated from extreme environments induce seed germination and growth of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) and Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) under saline stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;218:112273.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"8152_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12223840","volume":"12","author":"M Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi M, Yoon J, Yang SH, Kim JK, Park SU. Production of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in hairy root cultures of Salvia plebeia. Plants. 2023;12:3840.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"8152_CR59","first-page":"1051","volume":"2","author":"T Ghanbari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghanbari T, Hosseini B, Jabbarzadeh Z, Improving. Salvia sclarea L. seed germination under in vitro condition. Int J Agric Res Rev. 2012;2:1051\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Agric Res Rev"},{"key":"8152_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.116750","volume":"199","author":"M Sadat-Hosseini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sadat-Hosseini M, Arab MM, Soltani M, Eftekhari M, Soleimani A. Applicability of soft computing techniques for in vitro micropropagation media simulation and optimization: A comparative study on Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. Ind Crops Prod. 2023;199:116750.","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"8152_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101513","volume":"11","author":"I Grzegorczyk-Karolak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Olszewska MA, Owczarek A. Cytokinin-based tissue cultures for stable medicinal plant production: regeneration and phytochemical profiling of Salvia Bulleyana shoots. Biomolecules. 2021;11:1513.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"8152_CR62","first-page":"636","volume":"6","author":"KAP Rezaeieh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rezaeieh KAP, Shidfar M, G\u00fcrb\u00fcz B, Khavar KM. Genomic DNA extraction from seed induced callus and explants in salvia L. species for utilization in secondary metabolite production. J Med Plant Res. 2012;6:636\u201340.","journal-title":"J Med Plant Res"},{"key":"8152_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2012.11.006","volume":"92","author":"B Gul","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gul B, Ansari R, Flowers T, Khan M. Germination strategies of halophyte seeds under salinity. Environ Exp Bot. 2013;92:4\u201318.","journal-title":"Environ Exp Bot"},{"key":"8152_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lombardi T, Bedini S. Seed Germination Strategies of Mediterranean Halophytes Under Saline Condition. Handbook of Halophytes. 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17854-3_119-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"8152_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12679","volume":"164","author":"A Debez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Debez A, Belghith I, Pich A, Taamalli W, Abdelly C, Braun H. High salinity impacts germination of the halophyte cakile maritima but primes seeds for rapid germination upon stress release. Physiol Plant. 2018;164(2):134\u201344.","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"key":"8152_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan F, Guo J, Shabala S, Wang B. Reproductive physiology of halophytes: current standing. Front Plant Sci. 2019:1954.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01954"},{"key":"8152_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-021-10018-5","volume":"40","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Y, Shen Y. Sulfuric acid and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment combined with exposure to cold temperature modulates seed proteins during breaking of dormancy to germination in tilia Miqueliana. Protein J. 2021;40:940\u201354.","journal-title":"Protein J"},{"key":"8152_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Y, Luo L, Zhu L, Cheng Y, Yuan M, Ruan X, Zhao K. Complex seed dormancy in Parrotia subaequalis: Identification, breaking Mechanisms, and conservation strategies for an endangered species in China. Plants. 2025;14:452.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14030452"},{"key":"8152_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacDonald M, Mohan V. Chemical seed priming: molecules and mechanisms for enhancing plant Germination, Growth, and stress tolerance. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025;47:177.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47030177"},{"key":"8152_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandel N, Tripathi V, Singh H, Vaishnav A. Breaking seed dormancy for sustainable food production: revisiting seed priming techniques and prospects. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology; 2023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2023.102976"},{"key":"8152_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moshari-Nasirkandi A, Iaccarino N, Romano F, Graziani G, Alirezalu A, Alipour H, Amato J. Chemometrics-based analysis of the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of salvia species from Iran. Sci Rep. 2024;14:17317.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68421-8"},{"key":"8152_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawra M, Bouajila J, Beyrouthy ME, Rizk AA, Taillandier P, Nehme N, Rayess YE. Chemical characterization and Antioxidant, Antibacterial, antiacetylcholinesterase and antiproliferation properties of salvia fruticosa miller extracts. Molecules. 2023;28:2429.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062429"},{"key":"8152_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mervi\u0107 M, \u0160tefan MB, Kindl M, Bla\u017eekovi\u0107 B, Marijan M, Vladimir-Kne\u017eevi\u0107 S. Comparative Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Anti-\u03b1-Glucosidase Activities of Mediterranean Salvia Species. Plants. 2022;11:625.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11050625"},{"key":"8152_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paje L, Choi J, Lee H-D, Kim J, Yu A, Bae M-J, Geraldino P, Lee S. Phenolic acids and flavonoids from salvia plebeia and HPLC-UV profiling of four salvia species. Heliyon. 2022;8:e09046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09046"},{"key":"8152_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moshari-Nasirkandi A, Alirezalu A, Alipour H, Amato J. Screening of 20 species from lamiaceae family based on phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and HPLC profiling. Sci Rep. 2023;13:16987.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44337-7"},{"key":"8152_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-04804-3","volume":"24","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jiang W, Li C, Wang Z, Lu C, Cheng J, Wei S, Yang J, Yang Q. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in the regulation of mulberry seed germination under salt stress. BMC Plant Biol. 2024;24:132.","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"key":"8152_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma A, Shahzad B, Rehman A, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Zheng B. Response of phenylpropanoid pathway and the role of polyphenols in plants under abiotic stress. Molecules. 2019;24:2452.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24132452"},{"key":"8152_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Islam M, Biswas M, Alam AK. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:621.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1618-6"},{"key":"8152_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moazzen A, \u00d6ztinen N, Ak-Sakall\u0131 E, Ko\u015far M. Structure-antiradical activity relationships of 25 natural antioxidant phenolic compounds from different classes. Heliyon. 2022;8:e10467.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10467"},{"key":"8152_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge N, Jia J-S, Yang L, Huang R, Wang Q-Y, Chen C, Meng Z-G, Li L-G, Chen J-W. Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax Notoginseng. BMC Plant Biol. 2023;23:67.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-023-04084-3"},{"key":"8152_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur H, Nazir F, Hussain S, Kaur R, Rajurkar A, Kumari S, Siddiqui M, Mahajan M, Khatoon S, Khan M. Gibberellic Acid Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Seed Germination Inhibition through Modulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity in Mung Bean Seedlings. Sustainability. 2023l;15:3790.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15043790"},{"key":"8152_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Ali H, Khan H, Begam A, Khan S, Ali SS, Ahmad N, Fazal H, Ali M, Hano C et al. Effect of gibberellic acid on production of Biomass, polyphenolics and steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of stevia rebaudiana (Bert). Plants. 2020;9:420.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9040420"},{"key":"8152_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.172502","volume":"156","author":"D Lewis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lewis D, Ramirez M, Miller N, Vallabhaneni P, Ray W, Helm R, Winkel B, Muday G. Auxin and ethylene induce flavonol accumulation through distinct transcriptional Networks1[C][W][OA]. Plant Physiol. 2011;156:144\u201364.","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"8152_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao Y, Mei Y, Zhang R, Zhong Z, Yang X, Xu C, Chen K, Li X. Transcriptional regulation of flavonol biosynthesis in plants. Hortic Res. 2024;11:uhae043.","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae043"},{"key":"8152_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29245983","volume":"29","author":"J Gomulski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gomulski J, Krzemi\u0144ska M, Jochymek M, Kiss AK, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. The influence of basal medium on polyphenol accumulation in shoot cultures of Clerodendrum trichotomum and Clerodendrum Colebrookianum. Molecules. 2024;29:5983.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"8152_CR86","first-page":"36","volume":"3","author":"LK Lo KiahYann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lo KiahYann LK, Ch\u2019ng SongJin CnS,Appalasamy, Suganthi AS, Ku Nornadia KN, Arvind Bhatt AB, Chan LaiKeng CL. Effect of basal medium on in vitro leaf morphology, growth and Artemisinin production of Artemisia annua L. J Biol Agric Healthc. 2013;3:36\u201349.","journal-title":"J Biol Agric Healthc"},{"key":"8152_CR87","first-page":"28","volume":"64","author":"A Ramanauskas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramanauskas A, Jonu\u0161kien\u0117 I. Evaluation of secondary metabolites variation medicinal plants and optimization of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) growth In vitro. Chem Technol. 2013;64:28\u201334.","journal-title":"Chem Technol"},{"key":"8152_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2019.1689542","volume":"26","author":"SS Gurav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gurav SS, Gurav NS, Patil AT, Duragkar NJ. Effect of explant source, culture media, and growth regulators on callogenesis and expression of secondary metabolites of Curcuma longa. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2020;26:172\u201390.","journal-title":"J Herbs Spices Med Plants"},{"key":"8152_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2298\/BOTSERB2002163H","volume":"44","author":"N Hemmati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hemmati N, Cheniany M, Ganjeali A. Effect of plant growth regulators and explants on callus induction and study of antioxidant potentials and phenolic metabolites in Salvia Tebesana bunge. Bot Serb. 2020;44:163\u201373.","journal-title":"Bot Serb"},{"key":"8152_CR90","first-page":"1346","volume":"10","author":"M Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar M, Prasad Y, Yadav A, Kumar A. Effects of two different surface sterilization (Sodium hypochlorite and mercuric Chloride) agents under in-vitro leaf explant in Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii Bolus). J Pharm Innov. 2021;10:1346\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pharm Innov"},{"key":"8152_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.018","volume":"28","author":"I Farooq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farooq I, Qadri Z, Rather Z, Nazki IT, Banday N, Rafiq S, Masoodi KZ, Noureldeen A, Mansoor S. Optimization of an improved, efficient and rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol for Petunia hybrida Vilm. Cv.Bravo. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28:3701\u20139.","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8981","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16118981","volume":"16","author":"S Siavash Moghaddam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Siavash Moghaddam S, Jaafar HB, Aziz MA, Ibrahim R, Bt Rahmat A, Philip E. Optimization of an efficient semi-solid culture protocol for sterilization and plant regeneration of Centella Asiatica (L.) as a medicinal herb. Molecules. 2011;16:8981\u201391.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"8152_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-017-2185-1","volume":"36","author":"P Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas P, Agrawal M, Bharathkumar C. Use of plant preservative Mixture\u2122 for Establishing in vitro cultures from field plants: experience with Papaya reveals several PPM\u2122 tolerant endophytic bacteria. Plant Cell Rep. 2017;36:1717\u201330.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"8152_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11151937","volume":"11","author":"M Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu M, Li Y, Jiang H, Zhang S, Que Q, Chen X, Zhou W. Efficient in vitro sterilization and propagation from stem segment explants of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) IM Johnst, a multipurpose Woody plant. Plants. 2022;11:1937.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"8152_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-021-10235-8","volume":"58","author":"W-J Ho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho W-J, Huang Y-K, Huang W-W, Huang Y-C, Chung J-P. Effective in vitro culture using dormant bud of nodal sections from a mature acacia tree. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2022;58:437\u201346.","journal-title":"Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant"},{"key":"8152_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu M, Li Y, Jiang H, Zhang S, Que Q, Chen X, Zhou W. Efficient In Vitro Sterilization and Propagation from Stem Segment Explants of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst, a Multipurpose Woody Plant. Plants. 2022;11:1937.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11151937"},{"key":"8152_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romadanova N, Tolegen A, Kushnarenko S, Zholdybayeva E, Bettoni J. Effect of Plant Preservative MixtureTM on Endophytic Bacteria Eradication from In Vitro-Grown Apple Shoots. Plants. 2022;11:2624.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192624"},{"key":"8152_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132010000400018","volume":"53","author":"S Echeverrigaray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Echeverrigaray S, Carrer RP, Andrade LB. Micropropagation of Salvia guaranitica Benth. Through axillary shoot proliferation. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2010;53:883\u20138.","journal-title":"Braz Arch Biol Technol"},{"key":"8152_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-024-02713-9","volume":"156","author":"I Grzegorczyk-Karolak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Tabaka P, Weremczuk-Je\u017cyna I. Enhancing polyphenol yield in Salvia viridis L. shoot culture through liquid medium optimization and light spectrum manipulation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2024;156:88.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"8152_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.25083\/rbl\/25.2\/1356.1361","volume":"25","author":"T Jan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jan T, Hazrat A, Naqvi B, Sher K, Nawaz MA, Nisar M, Khan N, Jan G, Jan FG, Qadri R. Alleviation of shoot tip necrosis in in vitro propagation of Salvia santolinifolia, Boiss. Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2020;25:1356\u201361.","journal-title":"Rom Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"8152_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.18016\/ksutarimdoga.vi.1033321","volume":"26","author":"S \u00d6zyal\u0131n","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zyal\u0131n S, Yaman C. T\u0131bbi Ada\u00e7ay\u0131 (Salvia officinalis)\u2019n\u0131n In vitro \u00c7o\u011falt\u0131m\u0131 \u00dczerine Temel Besin Ortamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve B\u00fcy\u00fcme D\u00fczenleyici Tiplerinin Etkisi. KSU J Agric Nat. 2023;26:600\u20139.","journal-title":"KSU J Agric Nat"},{"key":"8152_CR102","unstructured":"Uyan\u0131k M. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tehlike alt\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 endemik Salvia t\u00fcrlerinin in vitro \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131m\u0131 ve tarla \u015fartlar\u0131na adaptasyonu. Master\u2019s thesis, Ankara University, T\u00fcrkiye, 2017."},{"key":"8152_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10010104","volume":"10","author":"K Ioannidis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ioannidis K, Koropouli P. Effects of different media and their strengths in in vitro culture of three different Cistus creticus L. populations and their genetic assessment using simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Horticulturae. 2024;10:104.","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"8152_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040498","volume":"11","author":"J Salem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salem J, Hassanein A, El-Wakil DA, Loutfy N. Interaction between growth regulators controls in vitro shoot multiplication in paulownia and selection of NaCl-tolerant variants. Plants. 2022;11:498.","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"8152_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.25026\/jtpc.v5i1.210","volume":"5","author":"W Widayat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Widayat W, Pradana MS, Ardana M. Effect of media types on the growth of callus culture in Kumis Kucing orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. J Trop Pharm Chem. 2020;5:21\u20138.","journal-title":"J Trop Pharm Chem"},{"key":"8152_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-023-02652-x","volume":"156","author":"N Bayhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bayhan N, Y\u00fccesan B. The impact of sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine on shoot propagation and vitrification in Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2024;156:55.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"8152_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/ijpb15020022","volume":"15","author":"EMK Sehaole","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sehaole EMK, Mangena P. N6-benzyladenine (BAP)-Based seed preconditioning enhances the shoot regeneration of seedling-derived explants for subsequent indirect gene transfer in soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merrill. Int J Plant Biology. 2024;15:254\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Plant Biology"},{"key":"8152_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147771","volume":"23","author":"M Krzemi\u0144ska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krzemi\u0144ska M, Owczarek A, Olszewska MA, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. Vitro strategy for the enhancement of the production of bioactive polyphenols in transformed roots of Salvia Bulleyana. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:7771.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-008-9362-4","volume":"93","author":"S Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park S, Kim Y, Moon H, Murthy H, Choi Y, Cho H. Micropropagation of Salix pseudolasiogyne from nodal explants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2008;93:341\u20136.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"8152_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87674","DOI":"10.22146\/jtbb.87674","volume":"9","author":"AD Prawestri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prawestri AD, Rahayu RS, Kurniajati WS, Sunardi S, Mansur M. Vitro seed germination and shoot growth of nepenthes Jamban Chi. C. Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi, A unique pitcher plant from Indonesia. J Trop Biodivers Biotechnol. 2024;9:87674.","journal-title":"J Trop Biodivers Biotechnol"},{"key":"8152_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-023-01050-9","volume":"101","author":"K Tokuhara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tokuhara K, Sato H, Abe A, Mii M. Vitro optimization of seed germination and protocorm development in Gastrochilus japonicus (Makino) Schltr.(Orchidaceae). Plant Growth Regul. 2023;101:693\u2013702.","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"8152_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2016.09.008","volume":"108","author":"S Vudala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vudala S, Ribas L. Seed storage and asymbiotic germination of Hadrolaelia grandis (Orchidaceae). S Afr J Bot. 2017;108:1\u20137.","journal-title":"S Afr J Bot"},{"key":"8152_CR113","first-page":"178","volume":"69","author":"D Din\u00e7er","year":"2023","unstructured":"Din\u00e7er D, Bekiryaz\u0131c\u0131 F, D\u00fcndar H, \u00d6g\u00e7e H. Germination and micropropagation of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Seeds by tissue culture method. Sci. 2023;69:178\u201386.","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11060498","volume":"11","author":"D Cabrera-Santos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cabrera-Santos D, Ordo\u00f1ez-Salanueva C, Sampayo-Maldonado S, Campos J, Orozco-Segovia A, Flores-Ortiz C. Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) seed Soaking, Germination, and fatty acid behavior at different temperatures. Agriculture. 2021;11:498.","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"8152_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali A, Elozeiri A. Metabolic Processes During Seed Germination. 2017.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.70653"},{"key":"8152_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur M, Tak Y, Bhatia S, Asthir B, Lorenzo J, Amarowicz R. Crosstalk during the Carbon\u2013Nitrogen cycle that interlinks the Biosynthesis, mobilization and accumulation of seed storage reserves. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:12032.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222112032"},{"key":"8152_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2015.12.011","volume":"192","author":"E Ibrahim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ibrahim E. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. J Plant Physiol. 2016;192:38\u201346.","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"8152_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Tanveer M, Wang H, Arnao M. Melatonin as a key regulator in seed germination under abiotic stress. J Pineal Res. 2024;76:e12937.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12937"},{"key":"8152_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020178","volume":"10","author":"I Grzegorczyk-Karolak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Zarzycka M, Ku\u017ama \u0141. The stimulatory effect of purine-type cytokinins on proliferation and polyphenolic compound accumulation in shoot culture of Salvia viridis. Biomolecules. 2020;10:178.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"8152_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx298","volume":"69","author":"E Frick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frick E, Strader L. Roles for IBA-derived auxin in plant development. J Exp Bot. 2018;69(2):169\u201377.","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"8152_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssr006","volume":"4 3","author":"L Strader","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strader L, Bartel B. Transport and metabolism of the endogenous auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid. Mol Plant. 2011;4 3:477\u201386.","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"key":"8152_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fattorini L, Veloccia A, Rovere F, D\u2019Angeli S, Falasca G, Altamura M. Indole-3-butyric acid promotes adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis Thaliana thin cell layers by conversion into indole-3-acetic acid and stimulation of anthranilate synthase activity. BMC Plant Biol. 2017;17:121.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-017-1071-x"},{"key":"8152_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alarc\u00f3n M, Salguero J, Lloret P. Auxin modulated initiation of lateral roots is linked to pericycle cell length in maize. Front Plant Sci. 2019;10:1\u201310.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00011"},{"key":"8152_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u011fuzt\u00fcrk GE, Pulatkan M, Alparslan C, O\u011fuzt\u00fcrk TC. Evaluation and optimization of auxin type and concentration on rooting efficiency of Photinia \u00d7 fraseri dress: stem cuttings using response surface methodology. Plants. 2025;14:2420.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14152420"},{"key":"8152_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eri208","volume":"56 418","author":"J Ludwig-M\u00fcller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ludwig-M\u00fcller J, Vertocnik A, Town C. Analysis of indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation on Arabidopsis stem segments. J Exp Bot. 2005;56 418:2095\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"8152_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.36103\/ijas.v51i3.1053","volume":"51","author":"F Al-Dabagh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Dabagh F, Salih M. Chia seed as a source of in vitro establishment of Salvia Hispanica L. plants. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2020;51:976\u201381.","journal-title":"Iraqi J Agric Sci"},{"key":"8152_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-022-02251-2","volume":"149","author":"AA Shoja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shoja AA, Ganjeali A, Cheniany M. Stimulation of phenolic compounds accumulation and antioxidant activity in in vitro culture of Salvia Tebesana bunge in response to nano-TiO2 and Methyl jasmonate elicitors. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2022;149:423\u201340.","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult"},{"key":"8152_CR128","first-page":"48","volume":"5","author":"M Petrova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrova M, Nikolova M, Dimitrova L, Zayova E. Micropropagation and evaluation of flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. Genet. Plant Physiol. 2015;5:48\u201360.","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Plant Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12870-026-08152-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12870-026-08152-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12870-026-08152-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:49:11Z","timestamp":1781632151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12870-026-08152-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12870-026-08152-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"289"}}