{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:38:20Z","timestamp":1792787900553,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a1kwz48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Plant Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Okra (bhendi) is a widely cultivated food crop in warm regions of the world, with India contributing approximately 60% of global production. However, okra cultivation in India is severely constrained by viral diseases, among which infections caused by the geminiviruses bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), in association with their satellites, represent major limitations to crop productivity. In recent years, the geminivirus-encoded C4 protein has emerged as a key pathogenicity determinant in this viral family, with functions that include suppression of multiple layers of plant antiviral defence and induction of disease symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we comparatively characterize the C4 proteins of BYVMV and OELCuV by determining their targeting signals and subcellular localization, and by assessing their ability to induce developmental abnormalities and interfere with the spread of RNA silencing in the SUC-SUL reporter system. Our results reveal that the two C4 proteins display distinct subcellular localization patterns, yet both are capable of inducing developmental alterations, likely through different mechanisms, and of decreasing the spread of RNA silencing in the reporter system, conceivably via interaction with a common host factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these findings suggest that C4 might be a multifunctional virulence factor in okra-infecting geminiviruses and act as a symptom determinant. The C4 proteins encoded by BYVMV and OELCuV therefore emerge as potential targets for the development of antiviral management strategies in okra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-026-09348-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:54:40Z","timestamp":1783389280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of the C4 proteins encoded by okra-infecting geminiviruses in India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aparna","family":"Chodon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Medina-Puche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopal","family":"Pandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Lozano-Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75764-9","volume":"14","author":"AD Ranga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ranga AD, Vikram A, Kumar R, Dogra RK, Sharma R, Sharma HR. Exploitation of heterosis and combining ability potential for improvement in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L). Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):24539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-75764-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9348_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546995","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2025.1546995","volume":"9","author":"KD Massrie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Massrie KD. Constraints and opportunities on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) production in Ethiopia: a review. Front Sustain Food Syst. 2025;9:1546995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2025.1546995.","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"9348_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1768","volume":"305","author":"J Jose","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jose J, Usha R. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in India is caused by association of a DNA \u03b2 satellite with a Begomovirus. Virology. 2003;305(2):310\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.2002.1768.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9348_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-013-0898-y","volume":"46","author":"SA Chandran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chandran SA, Packialakshmi RM, Subhalakshmi K, Prakash C, Poovannan K, Nixon Prabu A, et al. First report of an alphasatellite associated with Okra enation leaf curl virus. Virus Genes. 2013;46(3):585\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11262-013-0898-y.","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"9348_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114413","volume":"300","author":"K Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta K, Rishishwar R, Khan ZA, Dasgupta I. Agrobacterium-mediated co-inoculation of okra plants with cloned okra enation leaf curl virus DNA and bhendi yellow vein mosaic beta-satellite DNA furthers Koch\u2019s postulates for enation leaf curl disease. J Virol Methods. 2022;300:114413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114413.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"9348_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v111\/i9\/1511-15156","volume":"111","author":"P Priyavathi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Priyavathi P, Kavitha V, Gopal P. Complex nature of infection associated with yellow vein mosaic disease in Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus). Curr Sci. 2016;111(9):1511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18520\/cs\/v111\/i9\/1511-15156.","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"9348_CR7","first-page":"51","volume":"12","author":"SJ Singh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Singh SJ. Assessment of losses in okra due to enation leaf curl virus. Indian J Virol. 1996;12:51\u20133.","journal-title":"Indian J Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9348_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009915","volume":"17","author":"L Medina-Puche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Medina-Puche L, Or\u00edlio AF, Zerbini FM, Lozano-Dur\u00e1n R. Small but mighty: functional landscape of the versatile geminivirus-encoded C4 protein. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17(10):e1009915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009915.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"5","key":"9348_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.020","volume":"182","author":"L Medina-Puche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Medina-Puche L, Tan H, Dogra V, Wu M, Rosas-Diaz T, Wang L, et al. A defense pathway linking plasma membrane and chloroplasts and co-opted by pathogens. Cell. 2020;182(5):1109\u2013e112425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.020.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"9348_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17387","volume":"231","author":"Y Mei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mei Y, Wang Y, Hu T, He Z, Zhou X. The C4 protein encoded by Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus interferes with mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade-related defense responses through inhibiting the dissociation of the ERECTA\/BKI1 complex. New Phytol. 2021;231(2):747\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.17387.","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9348_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa053","volume":"71","author":"R Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng R, Liu X, Li H, Wu S, Huang W, Zhai Z, et al. Danger peptide signaling enhances internalization of a geminivirus symptom determinant in plant cells during infection. J Exp Bot. 2020;71(9):2817\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/eraa053.","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"issue":"2","key":"9348_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1606","volume":"204","author":"JE Rigden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rigden JE, Krake LR, Rezaian MA, Dry IB. ORF C4 of tomato leaf curl geminivirus is a determinant of symptom severity. Virology. 1994;204(2):847\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.1994.1606.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-019-1784-0","volume":"19","author":"T Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li T, Huang Y, Xu ZS, Wang F, Xiong AS. Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. BMC Plant Biol. 2019;19(1):173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12870-019-1784-0.","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"9348_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery228","volume":"69","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Zeng R, Chen Z, Liu X, Cao Z, Xie Q, et al. S-acylation of a geminivirus C4 protein is essential for regulating the CLAVATA pathway in symptom determination. J Exp Bot. 2018;69(18):4459\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/ery228.","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006789","volume":"14","author":"Y Mei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mei Y, Yang X, Huang C, Zhang X, Zhou X. Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus-encoded C4 induces cell division through enhancing stability of Cyclin D 1.1 via impairing NbSK\u03b7 -mediated phosphorylation in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14(1):e1006789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006789.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"9348_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes2020007","volume":"2","author":"KSD Babu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babu KSD, Guria A, Karanthamalai J, Srikakulam N, Kumari K, Sharma P, et al. DNA methylation suppression by Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus. Epigenomes. 2018;2(2):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/epigenomes2020007.","journal-title":"Epigenomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.07.014","volume":"123","author":"P Gopal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gopal P, Pravin Kumar P, Sinilal B, Jose J, Kasin Yadunandam A, Usha R. Differential roles of C4 and \u03b2C1 in mediating suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing: evidence for transactivation by the C2 of Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, a monopartite begomovirus. Virus Res. 2007;123(1):9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.07.014.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"9348_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2024.102549","volume":"136","author":"J Karanthamalai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karanthamalai J, Srikakulam N, Dinesh Babu KS, Anand A, Mohite S, Kumar S, et al. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus C4 circumvents the RNA silencing pathway by interacting with SAM synthetase and cystathionine beta synthase. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol. 2025;136:102549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmpp.2024.102549.","journal-title":"Physiol Mol Plant Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9348_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300783","volume":"4","author":"G Bologna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bologna G, Yvon C, Duvaud S, Veuthey AL. N-Terminal myristoylation predictions by ensembles of neural networks. Proteomics. 2004;4(6):1626\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmic.200300783.","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"9348_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201900429","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201900429","volume":"2","author":"JJ Almagro Armenteros","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almagro Armenteros JJ, Salvatore M, Emanuelsson O, Winther O, Von Heijne G, Elofsson A, et al. Detecting sequence signals in targeting peptides using deep learning. Life Sci Alliance. 2019;2(5):e201900429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26508\/lsa.201900429.","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"issue":"6","key":"9348_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2025.05.011","volume":"18","author":"M Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao M, Aguilar E, G\u00f3mez BG, Medina-Puche L, Fan P, Ontiveros I, et al. A plant virus causes symptoms through the deployment of a host-mimicking protein domain to attract the insect vector. Mol Plant. 2025;18(6):1029\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molp.2025.05.011.","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"issue":"6","key":"9348_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715556115","volume":"115","author":"T Rosas-Diaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosas-Diaz T, Zhang D, Fan P, Wang L, Ding X, Jiang Y, et al. A virus-targeted plant receptor-like kinase promotes cell-to-cell spread of RNAi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(6):1388\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1715556115.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7","key":"9348_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3718","volume":"97","author":"SR Cutler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cutler SR, Ehrhardt DW, Griffitts JS, Somerville CR. Random GFP\u2237cDNA fusions enable visualization of subcellular structures in cells of Arabidopsis at a high frequency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(7):3718\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3718.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"9","key":"9348_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.111.087742","volume":"23","author":"JY Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee JY, Wang X, Cui W, Sager R, Modla S, Czymmek K, et al. A plasmodesmata-localized protein mediates crosstalk between cell-to-cell communication and innate immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2011;23(9):3353\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1105\/tpc.111.087742.","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.03850.x","volume":"59","author":"K Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin K, Kopperud K, Chakrabarty R, Banerjee R, Brooks R, Goodin MM. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana fluorescent marker lines provides enhanced definition of protein localization, movement and interactions in planta. Plant J. 2009;59(1):150\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.03850.x.","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-121323-021434","volume":"63","author":"M Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao M, Lozano-Dur\u00e1n R. Symptom development in plant viral diseases: what, how, and why? Annual Rev Phyopathology. 2025;63(1):431\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-phyto-121323-021434.","journal-title":"Annual Rev Phyopathology"},{"issue":"12","key":"9348_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2018.10.004","volume":"11","author":"Y Mei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mei Y, Wang Y, Hu T, Yang X, Lozano-Duran R, Sunter G, et al. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of geminivirus C4 protein mediated by phosphorylation and myristoylation is critical for viral pathogenicity. Mol Plant. 2018;11(12):1466\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molp.2018.10.004.","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"issue":"20","key":"9348_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01307","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01307-20","volume":"94","author":"Y Mei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mei Y, Zhang F, Wang M, Li F, Wang Y, Zhou X. Divergent symptoms caused by Geminivirus-encoded C4 proteins correlate with their ability to bind NbSK\u03b7. J Virol. 2020;94(20):e01307\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01307-20.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9348_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007207","volume":"14","author":"AV Carluccio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carluccio AV, Prigigallo MI, Rosas-Diaz T, Lozano-Duran R, Stavolone L. S-acylation mediates Mungbean yellow mosaic virus AC4 localization to the plasma membrane and in turn gene silencing suppression. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14(8):e1007207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007207.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"9348_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00851","volume":"11","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Du Z, Tang Y, She X, Wang X, Zhu Y, et al. C4, the pathogenic determinant of tomato leaf curl Guangdong virus, may suppress post-transcriptional gene silencing by interacting with BAM1 Protein. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00851.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"9348_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg431","volume":"22","author":"C Himber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Himber C. Transitivity-dependent and -independent cell-to-cell movement of RNA silencing. EMBO J. 2003;22(17):4523\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/cdg431.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"3","key":"9348_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf226","volume":"77","author":"L Elvira-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2026","unstructured":"Elvira-Gonz\u00e1lez L, Blevins T, Heinlein M. Small RNA mobility and plant virus diseases. J Exp Bot. 2026;77(3):732\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/eraf226.","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"issue":"1","key":"9348_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1263\/jbb.104.34","volume":"104","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakagawa T, Kurose T, Hino T, Tanaka K, Kawamukai M, Niwa Y, et al. Development of series of gateway binary vectors, pGWBs, for realizing efficient construction of fusion genes for plant transformation. J Biosci Bioeng. 2007;104(1):34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1263\/jbb.104.34.","journal-title":"J Biosci Bioeng"},{"issue":"2","key":"9348_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.04048.x","volume":"61","author":"Q Lu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lu Q, Tang X, Tian G, Wang F, Liu K, Nguyen V, et al. Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast TREX-2 mRNA export complex: components and anchoring nucleoporin. Plant J. 2010;61(2):259\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.04048.x.","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"issue":"17","key":"9348_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2216397120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216397120","volume":"120","author":"EE Tee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tee EE, Johnston MG, Papp D, Faulkner C. A PDLP-NHL3 complex integrates plasmodesmal immune signaling cascades. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(17):e2216397120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2216397120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"9348_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.x","volume":"16","author":"SJ Clough","year":"1998","unstructured":"Clough SJ, Bent AF. Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 1998;16(6):735\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.x.","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"issue":"12","key":"9348_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e298","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.298","volume":"1","author":"L O\u00f1ate-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u00f1ate-S\u00e1nchez L, Verdonk JC. Citrate\u2010citric acid RNA isolation (CiAR) for Fast, low\u2010cost, and reliable RNA extraction from multiple plant species and tissues. Curr Protocols. 2021;1(12):e298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpz1.298.","journal-title":"Curr Protocols"},{"key":"9348_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Medina-Puche L, Lozano-Dur\u00e1n R. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry: an approach for identifying host\u2013viral protein\u2013protein interactions. In: Fontes EPB, M\u00e4kinen K, editors. Plant-virus interactions. Methods in molecular biology. Volume 2724. New York, NY: Springer US; 2024. pp. 289\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-3485-1_21.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3485-1_21"}],"container-title":["BMC Plant Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12870-026-09348-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12870-026-09348-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12870-026-09348-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:20:48Z","timestamp":1790644848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12870-026-09348-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12870-026-09348-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1658"}}