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Pedram Aleshi, MD, Associate Professor of Anesthesia, UCSF. Laura Esserman, MD, MBA, Professor of Surgery, UCSF. Christina Inglis-Arkell, MD, Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, UCSF. Edward Yap, MD, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, UCSF. Elizabeth Whitlock, MD, MSc, Clinical Instructor of Anesthesia, UCSF. Monica W. Harbell, M.D., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, UCSF.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 information"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board (Study Number 15\u201315907). The Institutional Review Board granted a waiver of individual HIPAA authorization for all subjects. The use of protected health information involved no more than a minimal risk to the privacy of individuals based on an adequate plan to protect the identifiers from improper use and disclosure; an adequate plan to destroy the identifiers at the earliest opportunity consistent with conduct of the research, unless there is a health or research justification for retaining the identifiers or such retention is otherwise required by law; and adequate written assurances that the protected health information will not be reused or disclosed to any other person or entity, except as required by the law, for authorized oversight of the research project, or for other research for which the use or disclosure of protected health information would be permitted by this subject. 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