{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:58:13Z","timestamp":1791493093372,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothermia and shivering are common complications after spinal anaesthesia, especially after uroscopic procedures in which large amounts of cold intraluminal irrigation fluids are used. Magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine are the most effective adjuvants with the least side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine versus intrathecal magnesium sulfate on the prevention of post-spinal anaesthesia shivering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective randomized, double-blinded controlled study included 105 patients who were scheduled for uroscopic surgery at the Kasr El-Aini Hospital. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups.\n                      <jats:bold>Group C (<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      \u00a0\n                      <jats:bold>=\u200935) received<\/jats:bold>\n                      2.5\u2009ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5\u2009mg)\u2009+\u20090.5\u2009ml of normal saline,\n                      <jats:bold>Group M (<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      \u00a0\n                      <jats:bold>=\u200935)<\/jats:bold>\n                      received 2.5\u2009ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5\u2009mg)\u2009+\u200925\u2009mg of magnesium sulfate in 0.5\u2009ml saline, and\n                      <jats:bold>Group D (<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      \u00a0\n                      <jats:bold>=\u200935)<\/jats:bold>\n                      received 2.5\u2009ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5\u2009mg)\u2009+\u20095\u2009\u03bcg of dexmedetomidine in 0.5\u2009ml saline. The primary outcomes were the incidence and intensity of shivering. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of hypothermia, sedation, the use of meperidine to control shivering and complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group C had significantly higher proportions of patients who developed shivering (21), developed grade IV shivering (20) and required meperidine (21) to treat shivering than group M (8,5,5) and group D (5,3,6), which were comparable to each other.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The time between block administration and meperidine administration was similar among the three groups. Hypothermia did not occur in any of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The three groups were comparable regarding the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, bradycardia and hypotension. All the patients in group C, 32 patients in group M and 33 patients in group D had a sedation score of 2. Three patients in group M and 2 patients in group D had a sedation score of 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrathecal injections of both dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate were effective in reducing the incidence of post-spinal anaesthesia shivering. Therefore, we encourage the use of magnesium sulfate, as it is more physiologically available, more readily available in most operating theatres and much less expensive than dexmedetomidine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical trial registration ID: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR) Trial Number\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3001\">PACTR201801003001727<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; January 2018, \u201cretrospectively registered\u201d.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0853-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T03:14:22Z","timestamp":1576638862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparative study between intrathecal dexmedetomidine and intrathecal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of post-spinal anaesthesia shivering in uroscopic surgery; (RCT)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Heba","family":"Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessam Adel","family":"Aboella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Mahmoud","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Passaint","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Khaled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Zarif","family":"Tawadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Hossam Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Wedad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8938-4175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassant Mohamed","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12920","volume":"61","author":"SM Moeen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moeen SM, Moeen AM. 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