{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:40:29Z","timestamp":1791636029835,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shapiro Summer Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the field of interventional pulmonology (IP) expands, anesthesia services are increasingly being utilized when complex procedures of longer duration are performed on sicker patients with high risk co-morbidities and lung pathology. Yet, evidence on the optimal anesthetic management for these patients remains lacking. Our aim was to characterize the airway management and, secondarily anesthetic maintenance patterns used for IP procedures at our institution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2894 identified encounters, charts of 783 patients undergoing an IP procedure with general anesthesia over a 5-year period, employing an endotracheal tube (ETT) or a supraglottic airway (SGA) for airway maintenance, were identified and reviewed after exclusions. Patients posted for a concurrent thoracic surgical procedure and those already intubated at presentation were excluded. Baseline patient demographics, procedure, proceduralist type, anesthesia maintenance modality, neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) use, and airway management characteristics were extracted and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inhaled general anesthesia with an ETT for airway maintenance was most commonly employed; however, SGAs were used in one-third of patients with a very low conversion rate (0.4%), and their use was associated with a significant reduction in NMBD use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large series of patients receiving general anesthesia for IP procedures, inhaled anesthetic agents and ETTs were favored. However, in appropriately selected patients, SGA use was effective for airway maintenance and allowed for a reduction in NMBD use, which may have implications in this patient population who may have an increased risk for pulmonary complications and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0872-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T11:04:39Z","timestamp":1572519879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Supraglottic airway versus endotracheal tube during interventional pulmonary procedures \u2013 a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1734-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle M.","family":"Behrens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Galgon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32831d7b5b","volume":"22","author":"A Ross","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ross A, Ferguson J. Advances in interventional pulmonology. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;22(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1693","volume":"123","author":"Armin Ernst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ernst A, Silvestri G, Johnstone D. Interventional Pulmonary Procedures. Chest. 2003;123(5):1693\u20134.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283471227","volume":"4","author":"M Sarkiss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sarkiss M. Anesthesia for bronchoscopy and interventional pulmonology: from moderate sedation to jet ventilation. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011;4:274\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"38","key":"872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6314","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212803832290","volume":"18","author":"B Abdelmalak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdelmalak B, Gildea T, Doyle D. Anesthesia for bronchoscopy. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(38):6314\u201324.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"11","key":"872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011075","volume":"42","author":"J Brimacombe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brimacombe J. The advantages of the LMA over the tracheal tube or facemask: a meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42(11):1017\u201323.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.02.016","volume":"31","author":"J Arevalo-Ludena","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arevalo-Ludena J, Arcas-Bellas J, Alvarez-Rementeria R, et al. A comparison of the I-gel supraglottic device with endotracheal intubation for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil treatment. J Clin Anesth. 2016;31:137\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"872_CR7","first-page":"363","volume":"10","author":"M Du Plessis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Du Plessis M, Barr A, Verghese C, Lyall J. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1993;10(5):363\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"872_CR8","first-page":"357","volume":"12","author":"J Brimacombe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brimacombe J, Tucker P, Simons S. The laryngeal mask airway for awake diagnostic bronchoscopy. A retrospective study of 200 consecutive patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1995;12(4):357\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"872_CR9","first-page":"1342","volume":"31","author":"A Schmutz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmutz A, Durk T, Idzko M, Koehler T, Kalbhenn J, Loop T. Feasibility of a Supraglottic airway device for Transbronchial lung Cryobiopsy \u2013 a retrospective analysis. J Cardiothorc Vasc Anesth. 2017;31:1342\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorc Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"872_CR10","first-page":"472","volume":"19","author":"M Tuck","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tuck M, Phillips R, Corbett J. LMA for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1991;19(3):472\u20133.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02480772","volume":"12","author":"S Yamaguchi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamaguchi S, Koguchi T, Midorikawa Y, Okuda Y, Kitajima T. Comparative evaluation of TIVA with propofol-fentanyl and thiopental-sevoflurane anesthesia using laryngeal mask airway for diagnostic bronchoscopy. J Anesth. 1998;12:53\u20136.","journal-title":"J Anesth"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0872-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0872-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0872-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T20:08:45Z","timestamp":1604002125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0872-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0872-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.256\/v4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.256\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.256\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.256\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Minimal Risk Institutional Review Board under an exemption application. The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health granted permission for this project to collect data retrospectively from the hospital.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not required under the approved IRB exemption application.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Galgon has received device samples from Cookgas and Intersurgical to conduct other airway studies unrelated to the present study. Dr. Galgon has not received any financial support from any of the companies related to the present study or any other study. Kyle M. Behrens has no financial or non-financial competing interests related to the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"196"}}