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Fluid warming devices using an uncoated aluminium containing heating element have been reported to liberate aluminium resulting in critical aluminium concentrations in heated fluids. We investigated saline solution (0.9%), artificially spiked with organic acids to determine the influence of fluid composition on aluminium release using the uncoated enFlow\u00ae device. Additionally, the Level1\u00ae as a high volume fluid warming device and the ThermoSens\u00ae device were investigated with artificial spiked fluid at high risk for aluminum release and a clinically used crystalloid solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Saline solution spiked with lactate more than acetate, especially at a non neutral pH, led to high aluminium release. Next to the enFlow\u00ae device, aluminium release was observed for the Level1\u00ae device, but not for the coated ThermoSens\u00ae-device.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uncoated aluminium containing fluid warming devices lead to potentially toxic levels of aluminium in heated fluids, especially in fluids with non-neutral pH containing organic acids and their salts like balanced electrolyte solutions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01378-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T09:03:07Z","timestamp":1622106187000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aluminium release and fluid warming: provocational setting and devices at risk"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Perl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kunze-Szikszay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Br\u00e4uer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Quintel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kerpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Telgheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1378_CR1","unstructured":"NICE: Hypothermia: prevention and management in adults having surgery. 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A.B. received in the last years consulting honorary from 3\u00a0M Germany and honorary from The 37Company The Netherlands. M.Q., N.K.S., T.R., K.K. and U.T. declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"163"}}