{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T03:12:52Z","timestamp":1767237172347},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) monitoring has been widely used in clinical practice, the relationship between hemoglobin (dHB) content and rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hemoglobin content on rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for correction of scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ninety-two pediatric patients aged 3 to 14\u2009years undergoing scoliosis correction surgery were enrolled. Continuous monitoring of bilateral regional cerebral oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS, CASMED, USA) was performed after entering the operation room. rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was recorded when the patients entered the operating room (T<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>, baseline), after anesthesia induced intubation (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), and after radial artery puncture (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). The lowest value of rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during surgery was also recorded. The arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) were continuously recorded. Patients were classified as low rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or high rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group according to whether the lowest intraoperative rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was 15% lower than the baseline value. An analysis and comparison of differences in hemoglobin content in these two groups was carried out.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The preoperative hemoglobin-postoperative hemoglobin of patients in the high rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group was significantly lower than that in the low rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group (t\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20097.86, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), the amount of bleeding during the operation was also less than that in the low rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group (t\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20096.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and the systolic pressure of patients was higher than that in the low rScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group (t\u2009=\u20094.27, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The decrease in hemoglobin level which occurs during surgery leads to a decrease in cerebral oxygen saturation. In order to ensure patient safety during surgery, it is necessary to carry out volume management and appropriate transfusion and fluid replacement in a timely manner.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.aspx?proj=27797\">ChiCTR1800016359<\/jats:ext-link>. Registered 28 May 2018.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01382-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T09:17:35Z","timestamp":1622539055000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of hemoglobin content on cerebral oxygen saturation during surgery for scoliosis in pediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenya","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenghua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuxuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1382_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.929199","volume":"198","author":"F Jobsis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jobsis F. Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters. Science. 1977;198:1264\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1382_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000028","volume":"31","author":"JDH Andersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andersen JDH, Baake G, Wiis JT, Olsen KS. Effect of head rotation during surgery in the prone position on regional cerebral oxygen saturation: a prospective controlled study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014;31:98\u2013103.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1382_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9226-8","volume":"11","author":"P Nissen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nissen P, Pacino H, Frederiksen HJ, Novovic S, Secher NH. Near-infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of cerebral autoregulation during orthotopic liver transplantation. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11:235\u201341.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"1382_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mccann ME, ANJ S. Beyond survival;Influences of blood pressure, cerebral perfusion and anesthesia on neurodevelopment. Pediatr Anesth. 2013;24(1):68-73.","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12310"},{"key":"1382_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199610000-00004","volume":"8","author":"KS Olsen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Olsen KS, Svendsen LB, Larsen FS. Validation of transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of cerebral blood flow autoregulation. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1996;8:280\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"1382_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.03.008","volume":"20","author":"BG Sood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sood BG, McLaughlin K, Cortez J. Near-infrared spectroscopy: applications in neonates. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;20:164\u201372.","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1382_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.010","volume":"49","author":"A Conforti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Conforti A, Giliberti P, Mondi V, Valfr\u00e9 L, Sgro S, Picardo S, et al. Near infrared spectroscopy: experience on esophageal atresia infants. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49:1064\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"1382_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2012.10.025","volume":"32","author":"O Raux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raux O, Sola C, Macq C, Dadure C. Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in paediatric anaesthesia. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2013;32:e49\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"1382_CR9","first-page":"185","volume":"61","author":"A Moerman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moerman A, Wouters P. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring in contemporary anesthesia and critical care. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2010;61:185\u201394.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"1382_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0274-2","volume":"16","author":"I Razlevice","year":"2016","unstructured":"Razlevice I, Rugyte DC, Strumylaite L, Macas A. Assessment of risk factors for cerebral oxygen desaturation during neonatal and infant general anesthesia: an observational, prospective study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2016;16:107.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"1382_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1704500212","volume":"45","author":"T Suemori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suemori T, Horton SB, Bottrell S, Skowno JJ, Davidson A. Changes in cerebral oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration during paediatric cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2017;45:220\u20137.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"1382_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000305","volume":"119","author":"J Van Hemelrijck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Hemelrijck J, Levien LJ, Veeckman L, Pitman A, Zafirelis Z, Standl T. A safety and efficacy evaluation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier HBOC-201 in a randomized, multicenter red blood cell controlled trial in noncardiac surgery patients. Anesth Analg. 2014;119:766\u201376.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1382_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2014.10.012","volume":"27","author":"J Thompson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thompson J. Intraoperative fluid management. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2015;27:67\u201377.","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"1382_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13007","volume":"27","author":"R S\u00fcmpelmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"S\u00fcmpelmann R, Becke K, Brenner S, Breschan C, Eich C, H\u00f6hne C, et al. Perioperative intravenous fluid therapy in children: guidelines from the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016;27:10\u20138.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1382_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.2015.0012","volume":"47","author":"M Mierzewska-Schmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mierzewska-Schmidt M. Intraoperative fluid management in children\u2014a comparison of three fluid regimens. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47:125\u201330.","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"key":"1382_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c5f160","volume":"110","author":"P Picton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Picton P, Chambers J, Shanks A, Dorje P. The influence of inspired oxygen fraction and end-tidal carbon dioxide on post\u2013cross-clamp cerebral oxygenation during carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2010;110:581\u20137.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1382_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13441","volume":"84","author":"SH Ki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ki SH, Rhim JH, Park JH, Han YJ, Cho YP, Kwon TW, et al. Quantitative analysis of the effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide on regional cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under general anaesthesia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84:292\u2013300.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01382-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01382-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01382-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T09:17:49Z","timestamp":1622539069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01382-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01382-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was established, according to the ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital (NO.2019\u201315) on February 19, 2019. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of the patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable, there are no details, images or videos on individuals within the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"165"}}