{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:01:49Z","timestamp":1790204509865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH108-8M71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH108-8M71"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm neonates are at higher risk of developing inguinal hernia, and have an increased risk of perioperative adverse events. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is claimed to be associated to decreasing perioperative respiratory complications compared to endotracheal tube (ETT) in infants under one year of age receiving minor surgery; thus, we conducted a retrospective survey in former preterm neonates below 5000\u00a0g to compare the respiratory complications between LMA and ETT in general anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgeries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inclusion criteria were: gestational age at birth under 37\u00a0weeks, body weight at surgery below 5000\u00a0g, and receiving scheduled inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia with LMA or ETT. Infants who were dependent on mechanical ventilation preoperatively were excluded. The postoperative respiratory complications including delayed extubation, re-intubation, and apnea within postoperative 24\u00a0h were compared between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From July 2014 to December 2017, 72 neonates were enrolled into final analysis. There were 57 neonates managed with LMA, and only 15 neonates intubated with ETT during the study period. The gestational age at birth and post-menstrual age at surgery showed no significant difference between groups, although in the ETT group, the body weight at birth and at surgery were lower, and more infants had history of severe respiratory distress syndrome and had received oxygen therapy within two weeks prior to surgery. Surprisingly, none one of the infants developed delayed extubation, re-intubation, or postoperative apnea in the LMA group. In the ETT group, 40 percent of the neonates could not be successfully extubated in the operation theater.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In preterm neonates, even in those younger than 52\u00a0weeks post-menstrual age who undergoing inguinal hernia repair in their early infancy, LMA appears feasible and safe as the airway device during general anesthesia in specific patient group. However, anesthesiologist might prefer ETT rather than LMA in some complex situation. In neonates with lower body weight at birth and at surgery, and with a history of severe RDS and oxygen-dependence, further prospective study is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01418-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T08:03:14Z","timestamp":1626854594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube in preterm neonates receiving general anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Miao-Pei","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jao-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuang-I","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Heng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.2.246","volume":"77","author":"KJ Peevy","year":"1986","unstructured":"Peevy KJ, Speed FA, Hoff CJ. Epidemiology of inguinal hernia in preterm neonates. Pediatrics. 1986;77(2):246\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"1418_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658863","volume":"13","author":"JL Grosfeld","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grosfeld JL. Current concepts in inguinal hernia in infants and children. World J Surg. 1989;13(5):506\u201315.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1418_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-017-4222-0","volume":"34","author":"YW Fu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu YW, Pan ML, Hsu YJ, Chin TW. A nationwide survey of incidence rates and risk factors of inguinal hernia in preterm children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018;34(1):91\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1418_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199005000-00012","volume":"72","author":"LG Welborn","year":"1990","unstructured":"Welborn LG, Rice LJ, Hannallah RS, Broadman LM, Ruttimann UE, Fink R. Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants: prospective comparison of spinal and general anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1990;72(5):838\u201342.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1418_CR5","first-page":"7","volume":"80","author":"EJ Krane","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krane EJ, Haberkern CM, Jacobson LE. Postoperative apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturation in formerly premature infants: prospective comparison of spinal and general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1995;80(1):7\u201313.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1418_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1998.00431.x","volume":"53","author":"M Somri","year":"1998","unstructured":"Somri M, Gaitini L, Vaida S, Collins G, Sabo E, Mogilner G. Postoperative outcome in high-risk infants undergoing herniorrhaphy: comparison between spinal and general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1998;53(8):762\u20136.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"1418_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2003.18.5.691","volume":"18","author":"GS Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim GS, Song JG, Gwak MS, Yang M. Postoperative outcome in formerly premature infants undergoing herniorrhaphy: comparison of spinal and general anesthesia. J Korean Med Sci. 2003;18(5):691\u20135.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e028728","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028728","volume":"9","author":"K Dohms","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dohms K, Hein M, Rossaint R, Coburn M, Stoppe C, Ehret CB, et al. Inguinal hernia repair in preterm neonates: is there evidence that spinal or general anaesthesia is the better option regarding intraoperative and postoperative complications? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(10):e028728.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10070","key":"1418_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31719-6","volume":"389","author":"TFE Drake-Brockman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drake-Brockman TFE, Ramgolam A, Zhang G, Hall GL, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. The effect of endotracheal tubes versus laryngeal mask airways on perioperative respiratory adverse events in infants: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2017;389(10070):701\u20138.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.123354","volume":"57","author":"V Pramod","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pramod V, Milind J, Preety S. Use of laryngeal mask airway in premature infant. Indian J Anaesth. 2013;57(6):634\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1418_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.130050","volume":"30","author":"S Renu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Renu S, Praveen T, Rashmi R, Rajvardhan A, Virender KM. Perioperative management and post-operative course in preterm infants undergoing vitreo-retinal surgery for retinopathy of prematurity: A retrospective study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2014;30(2):258\u201362.","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003386","volume":"128","author":"M Massoud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Massoud M, Kuhlmann AYR, van Dijk M, Staals LM, Wijnen RMH, van Rosmalen J, et al. Does the Incidence of Postoperative Complications After Inguinal Hernia Repair Justify Hospital Admission in Prematurely and Term Born Infants? Anesth Analg. 2019;128(3):525\u201332.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.019","volume":"52","author":"J Gurria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gurria J, Kuo P, Kao A, Christensen L, Holterman A. General endotracheal vs. non-endotracheal regional anesthesia for elective inguinal hernia surgery in very preterm neonates: a single institution experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(1):56\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000709","volume":"123","author":"AJ Davidson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davidson AJ, Morton NS, Arnup SJ, de Graaff JC, Disma N, Withington DE, et al. Apnea after Awake Regional and General Anesthesia in Infants: The General Anesthesia Compared to Spinal Anesthesia Study-Comparing Apnea and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2015;123(1):38\u201354.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1418_CR15","first-page":"CD003669","volume":"6","author":"LJ Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones LJ, Craven PD, Lakkundi A, Foster JP, Badawi N. Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;6:CD003669.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"1418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.06.010","volume":"82","author":"XY Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu XY, Lin BC, Zhang QS, Ye HM, Yu RJ. A prospective evaluation of the efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway during neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2011;82(11):1405\u20139.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.051","volume":"167","author":"D Trevisanuto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trevisanuto D, Cavallin F, Nguyen LN, Nguyen TV, Tran LD, Tran CD, et al. Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus face mask during neonatal resuscitation: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2015;167(2):286-91 e1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1418_CR18","first-page":"CD003314","volume":"3","author":"MJ Qureshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qureshi MJ, Kumar M. Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;3:CD003314.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.177","volume":"36","author":"JM Pinheiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinheiro JM, Santana-Rivas Q, Pezzano C. Randomized trial of laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for surfactant delivery. J Perinatol. 2016;36(3):196\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1418_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2016.08.007","volume":"93","author":"RF Barbosa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barbosa RF, Simoes ESAC, Silva YP. A randomized controlled trial of the laryngeal mask airway for surfactant administration in neonates. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017;93(4):343\u201350.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1418_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000450691","volume":"111","author":"AA Wanous","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wanous AA, Wey A, Rudser KD, Roberts KD. Feasibility of Laryngeal Mask Airway Device Placement in Neonates. Neonatology. 2017;111(3):222\u20137.","journal-title":"Neonatology"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01418-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01418-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01418-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:17:27Z","timestamp":1672885047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01418-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01418-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Institutional Review Board (KMUHIRB-SV(I)-20180005). The requirement of written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interest to declare in relation to this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"195"}}