{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:29:07Z","timestamp":1787020147879,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Continuous infusion of propofol has been used to achieve sedation in children. However, the relationship between the effect-site concentration (\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ) of propofol and sedation scale has not been previously examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n of propofol and the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS) score in children with population pharmacodynamic modeling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 30 patients (aged 3 to 6\u2009years) who underwent surgery under general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil lasting more than 1\u2009h were enrolled in this study. Sedation levels were evaluated using the UMSS score every 20\u2009s by a 1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL stepwise increase in the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n of propofol during the induction of anesthesia. The pharmacodynamic relationship between the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n of propofol and UMSS score was analyzed by logistic regression with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The estimated\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e50<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n (95% confidence interval) of propofol to yield UMSS scores equal to or greater than\n n<\/jats:italic>\n were 1.84 (1.54\u20132.14), 2.64 (2.20\u20133.08), 3.98 (3.66\u20134.30), and 4.78 (4.53\u20135.03) \u03bcg\/mL for\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The slope steepness for the relationship of the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n versus sedative response to propofol (95% confidence interval) was 5.76 (4.00\u20137.52).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We quantified the pharmacodynamic relationship between the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n of propofol and UMSS score, and this finding may be helpful to predict the sedation score at the target\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \n e<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n of propofol in children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n \n http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n (No.:\n NCT03195686<\/jats:ext-link>\n , Date of registration: 22\/06\/2017).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01446-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T04:02:48Z","timestamp":1631160168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The relationship between the effect-site concentration of propofol and sedation scale in children: a pharmacodynamic modeling study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Young-Eun","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hwan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cote CJ, Wilson S, American Academy Of P, American Academy Of Pediatric D. 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