{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:19:36Z","timestamp":1790961576787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The 82.1% treatment failure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), associated with gunshot wounds, is related to high incidence of chronic pain syndrome as well as resistance to the PTSD treatment. Defining treatment failure predictors among the PTSD patients with gunshot extremity wounds and the following therapy would improve treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 218 patients completed the study. The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD (M-PTSD) was used for assessment of the treatment outcome rate. The risk relation between treatment failure and factors was assessed by a univariate or multivariate logistic regression method, with the model accuracy measured by the AUC \u2013 Area under the ROC curve. The odds ratio (OR) was considered for the qualitative factor assessment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The predictors of the PTSD treatment failure among the patients with gunshot wounds to the extremities are: 1) anesthesia type: the risk of failure is higher with the general anesthesia compared to the regional (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), OR\u2009=\u20090.30 (95% CI 0.13-0.69) and the regional one with sedation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), OR\u2009=\u20090.30 (95% CI 0,14-0.65); 2) severe postoperative pain: the risk of treatment failure rises with increased pain intensity assessed by the visual analogue scale (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), OR = 3.2 (95% CI 1.2-8.3).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The analysis showed that administration of general anesthesia compared to the regional one (regardless of the sedation) and high postoperative pain intensity are associated with higher risk of the PTSD treatment failure among patients with gunshot wounds to the extremities. The preference of regional anesthesia and postoperative pain control may potentially improve the treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov: Retrospectively registered on December 30, 2020, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/register.clinicaltrials.gov\/prs\/app\/action\/LoginUser?ts=1&amp;cx=-jg9qo4\">NCT04689022<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01482-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T09:02:44Z","timestamp":1635584564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Predictors of treatment failure among patients with gunshot wounds and post-traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Iurii Leonidovych","family":"Kuchyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasyl\u2019 Romanovych","family":"Horoshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1482_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005277438","volume":"6","author":"CE Agaibi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agaibi CE, Wilson JP. 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