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Potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time following brimonidine administration was observed in mice, as was the analgesic activity of brimonidine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median effective dose (ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) and lethal dose (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of intraperitoneally injected brimonidine were determined in hypnotized mice. In addition, the LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of intravenously injected brimonidine, and ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of intravenously, intramuscularly, and intrarectally injected brimonidine in hypnotized rabbits were determined. Finally, the synergistic anesthetic effect of brimonidine and chloral hydrate was evaluated in rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intraperitoneal injection of 10\u2009mg\/kg brimonidine enhanced the hypnotic effect of a threshold dose of pentobarbital. Intraperitoneally injected brimonidine produced dose-related analgesic effects in mice. The ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of intraperitoneally administered brimonidine in hypnotized mice was 75.7\u2009mg\/kg and the LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> was 379\u2009mg\/kg. ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of intravenous, intramuscular, and intrarectal brimonidine for hypnosis in rabbits were 5.2\u2009mg\/kg, 8.8\u2009mg\/kg, and 8.7\u2009mg\/kg, respectively; the LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of intravenous brimonidine was 146\u2009mg\/kg. Combined intravenous administration of 0.6\u2009mg\/kg brimonidine and 0.03\u2009g\/kg chloral hydrate had a synergistic anesthetic effect.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Brimonidine elicited hypnotic and analgesic effects after systemic administration and exhibited safety. Moreover, brimonidine enhanced the effects of other types of narcotics when combined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01516-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T10:06:29Z","timestamp":1638525989000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of brimonidine for general anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Bin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Xiaohui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Mengrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1516_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.1999.37.1.125","volume":"37","author":"KS Hwang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hwang KS, Choi Y, Lee SY, et al. 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All procedures involving animals were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences [Approval No. IMPS-EAEP-Q-2020-01 (2020.7.23)].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"305"}}