{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:21:00Z","timestamp":1790961660345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In civilian life, from 11 to 40% of patients suffer from chronic pain after receiving injuries. There are almost no data on chronic pain in patients with gunshot wounds, isolated clinical cases have been published. The purpose of our study is to determine the factors that can potentially affect the results of treatment of such patients, namely the frequency of development of chronic pain, acute stress reactions, satisfaction with the results of treatment and the number of wound localizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment of 769 patients was analyzed. Pain intensity was diagnosed using a visual analog scale (VAS). To detect neuropathic pain, the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questions (DN4). The presence of an acute stress reaction (ASR) was diagnosed using The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and medical history, the diagnosis was established by a psychiatrist. Satisfaction with treatment results was studied using the Chaban quality of life scale (CQLS). Group comparisons were made using the Mann\u2013Whitney test and the chi-square test, taking into account continuity correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pain was observed in 538 (70% 95% CI 66.7%-73.1%) patients with gunshot wounds: of them, 439 patients had wounds in 1, 2 anatomical parts of the body, here the frequency of pain chronicity is 69.7% (95% CI 66.0%-78.5%), and 99 patients had wounds in 3 or more anatomical parts of the body \u2013 71.2% (95%CI 63.4%-78.5%). DN4 data suggest the presence of a neuropathic pain component in these patients. Also, all patients were diagnosed with ASR upon admission: the number of HADS points ranged from 9 to 25 points. CQLS data indicate that satisfaction with treatment outcomes was high (76 points) before hospital discharge, but subsequently decreased to a low level (64 points).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with gunshot wounds have a high risk of chronic pain, averaging 45% higher than the general population in civilian trauma patients. A greater frequency of the neuropathic component of pain and acute stress reactions is the reason for such chronicity. A decrease in the level of satisfaction with the results of treatment, in the remote period of observation, compared to the level at the time of discharge from the hospital, is probably a consequence of the formation of chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov: Retrospectively registered on August 1, 2022, NCT05489029.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02005-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T01:03:43Z","timestamp":1675731823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chronic pain in patients with gunshot wounds"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Iurii","family":"Kuchyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasyl\u2019","family":"Horoshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuchyn IuL, Horoshko VR. Predictors of treatment failure among patients with gunshot wounds and post-traumatic stress disorder. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021. 21, 263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-021-01482-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01482-8"},{"key":"2005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuchyn IuL, Horoshko VR.\u00a0 Pain syndrome in patients with gunshot wounds of the limbs and post-traumatic stress disorders.\u00a0Emerg Med. 2022;17(7):24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22141\/2224-0586.17.7.2021.244591.","DOI":"10.22141\/2224-0586.17.7.2021.244591"},{"key":"2005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuchyn IuL, Horoshko VR. Influence of the type of anesthesia during reconstructive surgical interventions on the final results of treatment of patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities and post-traumatic stress disorders. 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Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s). All study participants provided informed consent to participate in accordance with the protocol on bioethical examination No. 158 of may 23, 2022, issued by the Commission on Biotic Expertise and Research Ethics of the Bogomolets National Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine.The study protocol was approved for research by the Commission on Biotic Expertise and Research Ethics of the Bogomolets National Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}