{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:32:34Z","timestamp":1789990354994,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine  Development of Special Funding Support","award":["ZYLX202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYLX202103"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospitals  Authority\u2019s Ascent Plan","award":["DFL20220203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20220203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block is a practical and painless approach to avoid the hemodynamic stress response during endotracheal intubation and relieve sore throat after laryngeal surgery. The main purpose of this study was to establish an optimal dosage of local anesthetic when performing SLN block to help anesthetists balance analgesia and side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty fresh larynx specimens were obtained immediately after resection and then injected with 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5- mL of a lidocaine-blue dye mixture at bilateral SLN puncture sites. Superficial areas of deposited blue dye were measured. Dye leakage and surrounding dyed tissue were recorded. Another 40 patients were included in the ultrasound investigation. Distances between the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN) and adjacent structures were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dye spread area was greater with the administration of larger doses, especially to the visceral space. A 2- or 3-mL injection of local anesthetic was sufficient to infiltrate the SLN gap. A higher incidence of dye leaking out of the thyrohyoid membrane and anterior epiglottis space was observed; furthermore, there was substantially more dyed hyoid\/thyroid cartilage with 4 and 5\u00a0mL of injected dye mixture than 2\u00a0mL. There was no significant difference between the specimen and ultrasound measurements of for length of iSLN-adjacent structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Chinese population, 2- or 3- mL of local anesthetic is a safe dose during SLN block. A larger volume could overflow from the cavity to cause complications. The thyrohyoid membrane combined with the superior laryngeal artery is a reliable target for positioning the iSLN during ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02490-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T02:51:25Z","timestamp":1710816685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of diffusion ranges at different local anesthetic volumes during superior laryngeal nerve block"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-7339(99)90087-1","volume":"24","author":"A Mons\u00f3","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mons\u00f3 A, et al. A new application for superior laryngeal nerve block: treatment or prevention of laryngospasm and stridor. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999;24(2):186\u20137.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"2490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhipeng L, Meiyi H, Meirong W, et al. Ultrasound-guided internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve block on postoperative sore throat: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241834.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241834"},{"issue":"5","key":"2490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.06.15","volume":"6","author":"AS Potenza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Potenza AS, Araujo Filho VJF, Cernea CR. Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. 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The Effect of Local Anesthetic Volume Within the Adductor Canal on Quadriceps Femoris Function Evaluated by Electromyography: A Randomized, Observer- and Subject-Blinded. Placebo-Controlled Study in Volunteers. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(2):493\u2013500.","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001310"},{"issue":"7","key":"2490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.07.016","volume":"27","author":"T Stopar-Pintaric","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stopar-Pintaric T, Vlassakov K, Azman J, Cvetko E. The thyrohyoid membrane as a target for ultrasonography-guided block of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. J Clin Anesth. 2015;27(7):548\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."},{"issue":"7","key":"2490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(00)00249-0","volume":"26","author":"A Goldstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldstein A. Errors in ultrasound digital image distance measurements. 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