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It is currently unclear whether ED is also associated with the risk of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 788 participants aged\u2009\u2265\u200965 years of the BioCog study. Patients were scheduled to undergo elective surgery with expected duration\u2009&gt;\u200960 min. Blood was collected before surgery for measurement of 5 biomarkers of ED: asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA; SDMA), intercellular and vascular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Patients were monitored for the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) daily until the 7th postoperative day. 537 (68.1%) patients returned for a 3-month follow-up. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was defined from the change in results on a battery of 6 neuropsychological tests between baseline and 3 months, compared to the change in results of a control group during the 3-month interval. The associations of each of the 5 ED biomarkers with POD and POCD respectively were determined using multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustment for age, sex, surgery type, pre-morbid IQ, body mass index,\u00a0hypertension, diabetes,\u00a0HbA1C, triglyceride, total and HDL cholesterol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>19.8% of 788 patients developed POD; 10.1% of 537 patients\u00a0had POCD\u00a0at 3 months. Concentrations of ED biomarkers were not significantly associated with a POD. A higher VCAM-1 concentration was associated with a reduced POCD risk (adjusted\u00a0odds ratio 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35\u20130.86). No further statistically significant results were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-operative concentrations of ED biomarkers were\u00a0not associated with POD risk. We unexpectedly found higher VCAM-1 to be associated with a reduced POCD risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02722-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:01:51Z","timestamp":1728345711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The association of pre-operative biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction with the risk of post-operative neurocognitive disorders: results from\u00a0the BioCog study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Moazzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen J. 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It has received ethics approval from the\u00a0Charite University Medicine Berlin and UMC Utrecht (approval reference\u00a0number EA2\/092\/14). It is important to note that our manuscript may undergo additional scrutiny by the Editor to ensure that all research activities have been conducted within an appropriate ethical framework. We are prepared to facilitate communication with the ethics committee should the need arise. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this research. This study includes specific cohorts that might be considered vulnerable. Each case has been handled with the utmost care to ensure fully informed consent, with additional oversight and consideration as needed. 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