{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:23:29Z","timestamp":1789730609075,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02743-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T03:52:00Z","timestamp":1727927520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The use of peripheral nerve block decrease incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction following orthopedic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Liyun","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208931","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8931","volume":"3","author":"MD Boone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boone MD, Sites B, von Recklinghausen FM, Mueller A, Taenzer AH, Shaefi S. Economic burden of postoperative neurocognitive disorders among US edicare patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208931.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002729","volume":"131","author":"LA Daiello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daiello LA, Racine AM, Yun Gou R, Marcantonio ER, Xie Z, Kunze LJ, Vlassakov KV, Inouye SK, Jones RN, Alsop D, et al. Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: overlap and divergence. Anesthesiology. 2019;131(3):477\u201391.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2743_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106854","volume":"105","author":"S Bhushan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhushan S, Huang X, Duan Y, Xiao Z. The impact of regional versus general anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2022;105:106854.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2743_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.087","volume":"121","author":"L Evered","year":"2018","unstructured":"Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, Scott DA, DeKosky ST, Rasmussen LS, Oh ES, Crosby G, Berger M, Eckenhoff RG. Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(5):1005\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"2743_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9443","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2001","volume":"10","author":"S Mu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mu S, Wu Y, Wu A. Relationship among melatonin, postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(9):9443\u201352.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2743_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15613","volume":"77","author":"L Evered","year":"2022","unstructured":"Evered L, Atkins K, Silbert B, Scott DA. Acute peri-operative neurocognitive disorders: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2022;77(Suppl 1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2743_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.07.021","volume":"127","author":"LA Evered","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evered LA, Chan MTV, Han R, Chu MHM, Cheng BP, Scott DA, Pryor KO, Sessler DI, Veselis R, Frampton C, et al. Anaesthetic depth and delirium after major surgery: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth. 2021;127(5):704\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2743_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106063","volume":"93","author":"P Bramley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bramley P, McArthur K, Blayney A, McCullagh I. Risk factors for postoperative delirium: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021;93:106063.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2743_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.10.037","volume":"126","author":"CJ Peden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peden CJ, Miller TR, Deiner SG, Eckenhoff RG, Fleisher LA. Improving perioperative brain health: an expert consensus review of key actions for the perioperative care team. Br J Anaesth. 2021;126(2):423\u201332.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2743_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2019.11.3.297","volume":"11","author":"K-J Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song K-J, Ko J-H, Kwon T-Y, Choi B-W. Etiology and related factors of postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery. Clin Orthop Surg. 2019;11(3):297\u2013301.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2743_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9812041","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9812041","volume":"2018","author":"N Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong N, Park J-Y. The Motoric Types of Delirium and Estimated Blood Loss during Perioperative Period in Orthopedic Elderly Patients. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:9812041.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1266-0","volume":"19","author":"P Wennberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wennberg P, M\u00f6ller M, Herlitz J, Kenne Sarenmalm E. Fascia Iliaca compartment block as a preoperative analgesic in elderly patients with hip fractures - effects on cognition. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):252.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2743_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003180","volume":"17","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Feng J, Wang S, Gao P, Xu L, Zhu J, Jia J, Liu L, Liu G, Wang J, et al. Incidence of and trends in hip fracture among adults in urban China: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(8): e1003180.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2743_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150632","volume":"5","author":"CC Price","year":"2015","unstructured":"Price CC, Levy S-A, Tanner J, Garvan C, Ward J, Akbar F, Bowers D, Rice M, Okun M. Orthopedic surgery and post-operative cognitive decline in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s isease: considerations from a pilot study. J Parkinsons Dis. 2015;5(4):893\u2013905.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2743_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.03.012","volume":"30","author":"HR Bin Abd Razak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bin Abd Razak HR, Yung WYA. Postoperative delirium in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(8):1414\u20137.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"2","key":"2743_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02362.x","volume":"55","author":"F Salazar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salazar F, Do\u00f1ate M, Boget T, Bogdanovich A, Basora M, Torres F, F\u00e0bregas N. Intraoperative warming and post-operative cognitive dysfunction after total knee replacement. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(2):216\u201322.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"2743_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.12.046","volume":"120","author":"SM Weinstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weinstein SM, Poultsides L, Baaklini LR, M\u00f6rwald EE, Cozowicz C, Saleh JN, Arrington MB, Poeran J, Zubizarreta N, Memtsoudis SG. Postoperative delirium in total knee and hip arthroplasty patients: a study of perioperative modifiable risk factors. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(5):999.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2743_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu442","volume":"115","author":"E Card","year":"2015","unstructured":"Card E, Pandharipande P, Tomes C, Lee C, Wood J, Nelson D, Graves A, Shintani A, Ely EW, Hughes C. Emergence from general anaesthesia and evolution of delirium signs in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(3):411\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16870","volume":"69","author":"AB Davani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davani AB, Snyder SH, Oh ES, Mears SC, Crews DC, Wang N-Y, Sieber FE. Kidney function modifies the effect of intraoperative opioid dosage on postoperative delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(1):191\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.1.M76","volume":"58","author":"RS Morrison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morrison RS, Magaziner J, Gilbert M, Koval KJ, McLaughlin MA, Orosz G, Strauss E, Siu AL. Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(1):76\u201381.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2743_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14178","volume":"73","author":"A Scurrah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scurrah A, Shiner CT, Stevens JA, Faux SG. Regional nerve blockade for early analgesic management of elderly patients with hip fracture - a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2018;73(6):769\u201383.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2743_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3363-2","volume":"472","author":"MG Zywiel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zywiel MG, Prabhu A, Perruccio AV, Gandhi R. The influence of anesthesia and pain management on cognitive dysfunction after joint arthroplasty: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(5):1453\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2743_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.09.032","volume":"71","author":"M Gottlieb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gottlieb M, Chien N, Seagraves T. How effective is a Regional nerve Block for Treating Pain Associated with hip fractures? Ann Emerg Med. 2018;71(3):378\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2743_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/872651","volume":"20","author":"H Nie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nie H, Yang Y-X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhao B, Luan B. Effects of continuous fascia iliaca compartment blocks for postoperative analgesia in patients with hip fracture. Pain Res Manag. 2015;20(4):210\u20132.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"2743_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-009-0062-6","volume":"10","author":"G Mouzopoulos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mouzopoulos G, Vasiliadis G, Lasanianos N, Nikolaras G, Morakis E, Kaminaris M. Fascia Iliaca block prophylaxis for hip fracture patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Orthop Traumatol. 2009;10(3):127\u201333.","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0297-8","volume":"17","author":"PM Odor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Odor PM, Chis Ster I, Wilkinson I, Sage F. Effect of admission fascia iliaca compartment blocks on post-operative abbreviated mental test scores in elderly fractured neck of femur patients: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2017;17(1):2.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2743_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.04.013","volume":"51","author":"A Unneby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Unneby A, Svensson PO, Gustafson PY, Lindgren APBM, Bergstr\u00f6m U, Olofsson PB. Complications with focus on delirium during hospital stay related to femoral nerve block compared to conventional pain management among patients with hip fracture - a randomised controlled trial. Injury. 2020;51(7):1634\u201341.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2743_CR28","first-page":"n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"key":"2743_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","volume":"343","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, J\u00fcni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JA. The Cochrane collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). 2011;343:d5928.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"key":"2743_CR30","first-page":"g5630","volume":"349","author":"MA Puhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puhan MA, Schunemann HJ, Murad MH, Li T, Brignardello-Petersen R, Singh JA, Kessels AG, Guyatt GH, Group GW. A GRADE Working Group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). 2014;349:g5630.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2743_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"2743_CR32","first-page":"4468","volume":"23","author":"J Yuxia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuxia J, Qun Z, Kaile F, Dongbai L. Correlation of anesthesia methods with serum melatonin mass concentration and delirium during recovery in elderly patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. Chin J Tissue Eng Res. 2019;23(28):4468\u201373.","journal-title":"Chin J Tissue Eng Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2743_CR33","first-page":"4485","volume":"28","author":"R Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan R, Zhao L, Hong H. Effect of inhalation anesthesia combined with nerve block on improving postoperative cognitive function in elderly orthopedic patients. Biomed Res. 2017;28(10):4485\u20139.","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2743_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2009.12.021","volume":"29","author":"V Perrier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perrier V, Julliac B, Lelias A, Morel N, Dabadie P, Sztark F. [Influence of the fascia iliaca compartment block on postoperative cognitive status in the elderly]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2010;29(4):283\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"issue":"12","key":"2743_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000502","volume":"33","author":"B Mei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mei B, Zha H, Lu X, Cheng X, Chen S, Liu X, Li Y, Gu E. Peripheral nerve block as a supplement to light or Deep General Anesthesia in Elderly patients receiving total hip arthroplasty: a prospective Randomized Study. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(12):1053\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2743_CR36","first-page":"341","volume":"9","author":"J Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu J, Yuan W, Wang X, Royse CF, Gong M, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Peripheral nerve blocks versus general anesthesia for total knee replacement in elderly patients on the postoperative quality of recovery. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:341\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"2743_CR37","first-page":"15453","volume":"10","author":"C Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen C, Li M, Wang K, Shen J, Yang L, Bu X, Gao G. Protective effect of combined general and regional anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in older arthroplasty patients. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2017;10(11):15453\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"2743_CR38","first-page":"858","volume":"43","author":"L Jing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jing L, Buhuai D, Wenbo C, Gang W. Continuous lumbar plexus block reduces the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. J Cent South Univ (Med Sci). 2018;43(08):858\u201363.","journal-title":"J Cent South Univ (Med Sci)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2743_CR39","first-page":"1675","volume":"2","author":"Yh Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo Yh, Liang-de A, Jia Z. Effects of lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve block combined with sevoflurane on cognitive function in elderly patients after hip arthroplasty: study protocol for a prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Trials Orthop Dis. 2017;2(2):1675.","journal-title":"Clin Trials Orthop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2743_CR40","first-page":"731","volume":"36","author":"X Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao X, Ke C, Ke-wei T, Xu Z, Min L, Sen C, Zhen-zhen Z. Lumbar plexus block combined with general anesthesia in treating postoperative delirium of hip fracture in elderlpatients. China J Orthop Traumatol. 2023;36(8):731\u20136.","journal-title":"China J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000229792.31009.da","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sands LP, Vaurio L, Mullen EA, Leung JM. The effects of postoperative pain and its management on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;15(1):50\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2743_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000198602.29716.53","volume":"102","author":"HK Fong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fong HK, Sands LP, Leung JM. The role of postoperative analgesia in delirium and cognitive decline in elderly patients: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2006;102(4):1255\u201366.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-000023","volume":"44","author":"G Kristek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kristek G, Rado\u0161 I, Kristek D, Kapural L, Ne\u0161kovi\u0107 N, \u0160kilji\u0107 S, Horvat V, Mandi\u0107 S, Har\u0161anji-Drenjan\u010devi\u0107 I. Influence of postoperative analgesia on systemic inflammatory response and postoperative cognitive dysfunction after femoral fractures surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(1):59\u201368.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2743_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03729.x","volume":"59","author":"FE Sieber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sieber FE, Mears S, Lee H, Gottschalk A. Postoperative opioid consumption and its relationship to cognitive function in older adults with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(12):2256\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2743_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181c1cfc9","volume":"251","author":"A Brouquet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouquet A, Cudennec T, Benoist S, Moulias S, Beauchet A, Penna C, Teillet L, Nordlinger B. Impaired mobility, ASA status and administration of tramadol are risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients aged 75 years or more after major abdominal surgery. Ann Surg. 2010;251(4):759\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2743_CR46","first-page":"1154","volume":"134","author":"MS Duprey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duprey MS, Devlin JW, Griffith JL, Travison TG, Briesacher BA, Jones R, Saczynski JS, Schmitt EM, Gou Y, Marcantonio ER, et al. Association between perioperative medication use and postoperative delirium and cognition in older adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2022;134(6):1154\u201363.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2743_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4099","volume":"13","author":"L-Q Deng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deng L-Q, Hou L-N, Song F-X, Zhu H-Y, Zhao H-Y, Chen G, Li J-J. Effect of pre-emptive analgesia by continuous femoral nerve block on early postoperative cognitive function following total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13(4):1592\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2743_CR48","first-page":"3915","volume":"14","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Ge Y. Influence of nerve block combined with general anesthesia on cognitive function and postoperative pain in patients undergoing knee joint replacement. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14(6):3915\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0469","volume":"85","author":"FE Sieber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sieber FE, Zakriya KJ, Gottschalk A, Blute MR, Lee HB, Rosenberg PB, Mears SC. Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(1):18\u201326.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2743_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-102750","volume":"46","author":"SG Memtsoudis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Memtsoudis SG, Cozowicz C, Bekeris J, Bekere D, Liu J, Soffin EM, Mariano ER, Johnson RL, Go G, Hargett MJ, et al. Peripheral nerve block anesthesia\/analgesia for patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty: recommendations from the International Consensus on Anesthesia-related outcomes after surgery (ICAROS) group based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(11):971\u201385.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.103151","volume":"108","author":"C-H Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim C-H, Yang JY, Min CH, Shon H-C, Kim JW, Lim EJ. The effect of regional nerve block on perioperative delirium in hip fracture surgery for the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2022;108(1):103151.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2743_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03752-w","volume":"25","author":"EML Bowman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bowman EML, Cunningham EL, Page VJ, McAuley DF. Phenotypes and subphenotypes of delirium: a review of current categorisations and suggestions for progression. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):334.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"2743_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.05.003","volume":"25","author":"A Morandi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morandi A, Di Santo SG, Cherubini A, Mossello E, Meagher D, Mazzone A, Bianchetti A, Ferrara N, Ferrari A, Musicco M, et al. Clinical features associated with delirium motor subtypes in older inpatients: results of a multicenter study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017;25(10):1064\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02743-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02743-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02743-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T04:02:26Z","timestamp":1727928146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02743-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02743-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"354"}}