{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:01:54Z","timestamp":1793044914084,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02875-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T06:48:39Z","timestamp":1736232519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Remimazolam for the prevention of emergence agitation in adults following nasal surgery under general anesthesia: a prospective randomized clinical controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaomin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongchen","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael094","volume":"96","author":"C Lepous\u00e9","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lepous\u00e9 C, Lautner CA, Liu L, et al. Emergence delirium in adults in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(6):747\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/ael094.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"2875_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12717","volume":"60","author":"L Munk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Munk L, Andersen G, M\u00f8ller AM. Post-anaesthetic emergence delirium in adults: incidence, predictors and consequences. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(8):1059\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.12717.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"2875_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-014-1803-0","volume":"28","author":"C Liang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liang C, Ding M, Du F, et al. Sevoflurane\/propofol coadministration provides better recovery than sevoflurane in combined general\/epidural anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial. J Anesth. 2014;28(5):721\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-014-1803-0.","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"2875_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9338-9","volume":"57","author":"D Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu D, Chai W, Sun X, et al. Emergence agitation in adults: risk factors in 2,000 patients. Can J Anaesth. 2010;57(9):843\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-010-9338-9.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"2875_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3218","volume":"22","author":"JH Mo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mo JH, Han DH, Shin HW, et al. No packing versus packing after endoscopic sinus surgery: pursuit of patients\u2019 comfort after surgery. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(5):525\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3218.","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2875_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01544-8","volume":"81","author":"A Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee A, Shirley M, Remimazolam. A review in Procedural Sedation. Drugs. 2021;81(10):1193\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-021-01544-8.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2875_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S381611","volume":"16","author":"X Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang X, Lin C, Chen S, et al. Remimazolam for the prevention of emergence delirium in children following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022;16:3413\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S381611.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2875_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00001-k","volume":"7","author":"JA Aldrete","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aldrete JA. The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited. J Clin Anesth. 1995;7(1):89\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00001-k.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2875_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.12.009","volume":"130","author":"S Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee S, Sohn JY, Hwang IE, et al. Effect of a repeated verbal reminder of orientation on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for minimally invasive abdominal surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2023;130(4):439\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2022.12.009.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2875_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2023.101225","volume":"42","author":"SM Amin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amin SM, Hasanin A, ElSayed OS, et al. Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of opioid-based versus lidocaine-based induction of anesthesia with propofol in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2023;42(4):101225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.accpm.2023.101225.","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2875_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12106","volume":"11","author":"NM Flanagan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flanagan NM, Spencer G. Informal caregivers and detection of delirium in postacute care: a correlational study of the confusion assessment method (CAM), confusion assessment method-family assessment method (CAM-FAM) and DSM-IV criteria. Int J Older People Nurs. 2016;11(3):176\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opn.12106.","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2017.11.002","volume":"68","author":"ACTP Barreto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barreto ACTP, Rangel da Rocha Paschoal AC, Barbosa Farias C, et al. Fatores De Risco associados a del\u00edrio no despertar Da anestesia em crian\u00e7as submetidas \u00e0 Cirurgia ambulatorial [Risk factors associated with anesthesia emergence delirium in children undergoing outpatient surgery]. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2018;68(2):162\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjan.2017.11.002.","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-015-2098-5","volume":"30","author":"A Kanaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanaya A. Emergence agitation in children: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. J Anesth. 2016;30(2):261\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-015-2098-5.","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060514562489","volume":"43","author":"HC Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim HC, Kim E, Jeon YT, et al. Postanaesthetic emergence agitation in adult patients after general anaesthesia for urological surgery. J Int Med Res. 2015;43(2):226\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060514562489.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2875_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2015.8.1.46","volume":"8","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Kim DK, Kim HY, et al. Risk factors of emergence agitation in adults undergoing general anesthesia for nasal surgery. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;8(1):46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3342\/ceo.2015.8.1.46. Epub 2015 Feb 3. PMID: 25729495; PMCID: PMC4338091.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet056","volume":"111","author":"SY Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim SY, Kim JM, Lee JH, et al. Efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation and quality of recovery after nasal surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(2):222\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aet056.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep376","volume":"104","author":"S Dahmani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dahmani S, Stany I, Brasher C, et al. Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. Br J Anaesth. 2010;104(2):216\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aep376.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"2875_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000181","volume":"120","author":"EJ Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho EJ, Yoon SZ, Cho JE, et al. Comparison of the effects of 0.03 and 0.05\u00a0mg\/kg midazolam with placebo on prevention of emergence agitation in children having strabismus surgery. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(6):1354\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000181.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2875_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.3097","volume":"145","author":"JY Jo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jo JY, Jung KW, Kim HJ, et al. Effect of total intravenous anesthesia vs volatile induction with maintenance anesthesia on emergence agitation after nasal surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;145(2):117\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.3097.","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2875_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S419146","volume":"17","author":"J Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan J, Ju X, Wang X, et al. Effects of remimazolam and propofol on emergence agitation in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement: a clinical, randomized, controlled study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023;17:2669\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S419146.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"2875_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S373772","volume":"16","author":"Y Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng Y, Qin Z, Wu Q, et al. Efficacy and safety of remimazolam besylate versus dexmedetomidine for sedation in non-intubated older patients with agitated delirium after orthopedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022;16:2439\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S373772.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"2875_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S392569","volume":"17","author":"JJ Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang JJ, Lei L, Qiu D, et al. Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023;17:143\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S392569.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2875_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02104-1","volume":"23","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Lee HB, Kim YJ, et al. Comparison of the recovery profile of remimazolam with flumazenil and propofol anesthesia for open thyroidectomy. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023;23(1):147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-023-02104-1.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2875_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101728","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1101728","volume":"14","author":"CC Ko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ko CC, Hung KC, Illias AM, et al. The use of remimazolam versus propofol for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1101728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1101728.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2875_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123089","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1123089","volume":"15","author":"YQ Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao YQ, Min J, Wu ZX, et al. Comparison of the effects of remimazolam and dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1123089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1123089.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02875-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02875-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02875-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:03:05Z","timestamp":1736233385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02875-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02875-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This trial was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Chinese Clinical Trial Specifications. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Lishui People\u2019s Hospital ( Wenzhou Medical University Lishui Hospital ) (approval No. 2023\u2009\u2212\u2009137), and was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (; registration number: ChiCTR2300075300). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study protocol followed the CONSORT guidelines. The study protocol was performed in the relevant guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}