{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:50:00Z","timestamp":1776559800407,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-02895-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T01:44:21Z","timestamp":1736473461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heavy gravity combined with light gravity local anesthetic in subarachnoid anesthesia for cesarean section did not reduce the incidence of intraoperative hypotension in maternal women: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kairui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005671","volume":"6","author":"B Ana Pilar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ana Pilar B, Jiangfeng Y, Ann-Beth M, Paulo Jo\u00e3o, Jun S, Zhang. Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: global and regional estimates. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(6):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005671.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2895_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2022.04.007","volume":"36","author":"E Sarah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarah E, Watson., Abigail L, Richardson. D, Nuala L. Neuraxial and general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2022;36(1):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2022.04.007.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2895_CR3","first-page":"0","volume":"42","author":"L Massimo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Massimo L, Carolina S, Romero,Fabio G, et al. Preoperative assessment of adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery: updated guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care[. J] Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024;42:0.","journal-title":"J] Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2895_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15657","volume":"77","author":"R Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel. R, Kua. J, Sharawi. N, Bauer ME, Blake. L, Moonesinghe SR, Sultan P. Inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section: a systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2022;77(5):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15657.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2895_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1002\/anr3.12181","volume":"10","author":"R Santos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santos R, Silva. R, Gomes. A, Cardoso H. Subarachnoid and subdural haematoma after attempted spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Anaesth Rep. 2022;10(2):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anr3.12181.","journal-title":"Anaesth Rep"},{"key":"2895_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shoichi M, Masafumi N, Yosuke S, Naosuke E, Sho T, Shintaro M, Hiroaki T, Eiji K, Tomoaki. Ikeda. (2022). Appropriate Method of Administering Vasopressors for Maternal Hypotension Associated with Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia in Elective Cesarean Section: Impact on Postnatal Respiratory Support for Newborns. Medicina (Kaunas), 58(3), 0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58030403","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58030403"},{"issue":"1","key":"2895_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01562-3","volume":"22","author":"C Zijun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zijun C, Jieshu Z, Li W, Han H. Norepinephrine versus phenylephrine infusion for preventing post spinal hypotension during cesarean section for twin pregnancy: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022;22(1):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-022-01562-3.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"0","key":"2895_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103136","volume":"73","author":"P Seyyed Mohsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seyyed Mohsen P, Banafsheh M, Kourosh K, Leila H, Mojtaba A. Comparison of an ephedrine infusion with lidocaine %5 for prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;73(0):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103136.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"0","key":"2895_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S331177","volume":"16","author":"Z Youfa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Youfa Z, Yunyun Y, Miaofei C, Yanting Z, Xin Y, Gang C. Comparison of Metaraminol, Phenylephrine, and Norepinephrine Infusion for Prevention of Hypotension during Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: a Three-Arm, Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-inferiority Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022;16(0):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S331177.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2895_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002251.pub4","volume":"7","author":"C Cheryl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheryl C, Julia J, Cox. RS, Lumb., Philippa M, Mark C, Richard S, Emmett., Scott W, Simmons., Allan M, Cyna. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;7(7):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002251.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2895_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182288bf2","volume":"113","author":"L Christian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christian L, Stephen H, Roshan F, Malachy C, Nisa P, Kavita S, Vinnie S. Does the baricity of bupivacaine influence intrathecal spread in the prolonged sitting position before elective cesarean delivery? A prospective randomized controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2011;113(4):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182288bf2.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2895_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14084","volume":"73","author":"BL Sng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sng. BL, Han. NLR, Leong WL, Sultana. R, Siddiqui. FJ, Assam PN, Chan ES, Tan KH, Sia AT. Hyperbaric vs. isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: a Cochrane systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2017;73(4):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.14084.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2895_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200608000-00018","volume":"105","author":"R Axel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Axel R, Heller., Katrin Z, Kristin S, Thea TR\u00f6ssel, Rainer K, Litz J. Modifying the baricity of local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia by temperature adjustment: model calculations. Anesthesiology. 2006;105(2):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200608000-00018.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2895_CR14","unstructured":"(1999). ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Statistical principles for clinical trials. International Conference on Harmonisation E9 Expert Working Group. Stat Med, 18(15), 0."},{"issue":"0","key":"2895_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.631897","volume":"12","author":"M Fangfang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fangfang M, Kunpeng F, Xuexin F, Yu LF, Qingfang L, Ruixue D, Di H, Tianlong J, Wang. The analgesic effect of different concentrations of Epidural Ropivacaine alone or combined with Sufentanil in patients after Cesarean Section. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12(0):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.631897.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2895_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_87_20","volume":"37","author":"T Deepa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deepa T, Deepa C. Effect of addition of intrathecal magnesium sulphate to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine on duration of analgesia in parturients undergoing elective caesarean section: a prospective randomised study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2022;37(4):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_87_20.","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2895_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_60_22","volume":"16","author":"O Priyanka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Priyanka O, Boniface H, Mukesh K, Barun R, Ladhu L. Comparative study between Intrathecal 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine, 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine, and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in Elective Lower Segment Cesarean section: a Randomized Clinical Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2022;16(2):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_60_22.","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2895_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125014","volume":"10","author":"Q ZheFeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"ZheFeng Q, Ming T, Ping C, Xin L, HaiLi H, Chao L. Combined use of hyperbaric and hypobaric ropivacaine significantly improves hemodynamic characteristics in spinal anesthesia for caesarean section: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0125014.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2895_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04229-y","volume":"21","author":"Z Xiaoyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiaoyu Z, Jianwei W, Xiao-Hu A, Yu-Chieh C, Yong B, Zifeng X, Tao X. Optimum dose of spinal ropivacaine with or without single intravenous bolus of S-ketamine during elective cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind, sequential dose-finding study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04229-y.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2895_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luigi LAV, Cristina S, Nicola B, Bruno L, Alberto M, Carlotta C, Giulia C, Marinella A, Filippo. Sanfilippo. (2022). \u03b1-2 agonists vs. fentanyl as adjuvants for spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section: a meta-analysis. Minerva Anestesiol, 89(5), 0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0375-9393.22.16969-5","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.22.16969-5"},{"issue":"0","key":"2895_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109725","volume":"62","author":"T Yuwen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuwen T, Meijuan Y, Feng F, Xiaodong H, Ying F, Xinzhong C. Comparison of the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine co-administered with or without intrathecal dexmedetomidine for cesarean section: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized dose-response trial using up-down sequential allocation method. J Clin Anesth. 2020;62(0):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109725.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"2895_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211017000","volume":"49","author":"C Xiao-Rong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao-Rong C, Tao G, Yin Z, Ming-Qing P. Addition of low dose sufentanil to ropivacaine for reducing shivering and visceral traction pain during cesarean section. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(5):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605211017000.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2895_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07208-0","volume":"24","author":"L Qiuyue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiuyue L, Shaoyi C, Xiangyang C, Jie Z, Weifeng Y, Renlong Z, Diansan S. Capnographic monitoring reduces hypoxia incidence in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol sedation: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2023;24(1):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07208-0.","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-02895-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-025-02895-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-02895-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T02:02:48Z","timestamp":1736474568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-025-02895-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-025-02895-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5428405\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University (approval NO. Y2022035).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"In the study, we obtained informed consent form from all participants. Trained anesthesiologists will explain this trial to the potential participants in detail, and the informed consent form will be provided. Participants can decide whether they wish to participate in the trial after sufficient time to deliberate. Subsequently, the participant or her trustee or guardian can sign the informed consent form, and they can withdraw at any time during the trial.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}