{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:08:25Z","timestamp":1791227305904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03079-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1752922594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy and safety of ciprofol versus propofol for anesthesia in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscope: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhaoxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02467-8","volume":"22","author":"Y Zhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhan Y, Liang S, Yang Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of subanesthetic doses of Esketamine combined with Propofol in painless Gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 2022;22(1):391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02467-8.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lan H, Shan W, Wu Y et al. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol for sedation\/anesthesia in patients undergoing hysteroscopy: A randomized, Parallel-Group, controlled trial. DDDT. 2023;17:1707\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S414243","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S414243"},{"key":"3079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen L, Xie Y, Du X et al. The effect of different doses of Ciprofol in patients with painless Gastrointestinal endoscopy. DDDT. 2023;17:1733\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S414166","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S414166"},{"key":"3079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Q, Kong A, ling, Chen R, et al. Propofol and arrhythmias: two sides of the coin. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011;32(6):817\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aps.2011.42.","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.42"},{"key":"3079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mashour GA, Sanders RD, Lee U. Propofol anesthesia: A leap into the void?? Anesthesiology. 2022;136(3):405\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004110.","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004110"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0321-7","volume":"17","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang W, Wu L, Zhang C, Sun L. Is Propofol injection pain really important to patients? BMC Anesthesiol. 2017;17(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-017-0321-7.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"3079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hemphill S, McMenamin L, Bellamy MC, Hopkins PM. Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured literature review and analysis of published case reports. Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(4):448\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2018.12.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.12.025"},{"key":"3079_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin L, Ren L, Wan S et al. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 2,6-Disubstituted phenol derivatives as general anesthetics. J Med Chem. 2017;60(9):3606\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00254","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00254"},{"key":"3079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu C, Ou X, Teng Y et al. Sedation effects produced by a Ciprofol initial infusion or bolus dose followed by continuous maintenance infusion in healthy subjects: A phase 1 trial. Adv Ther. 2021;38(11):5484\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-021-01914-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01914-4"},{"key":"3079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225288","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1225288","volume":"14","author":"KC Hung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hung KC, Chen JY, Wu SC, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of Ciprofol (HSK3486) versus Propofol for anesthetic induction and non-ICU sedation. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1225288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1225288.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"28","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ Published Online August. 2019;28:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ Published Online August"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"3079_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akhtar SMM, Fareed A, Ali M et al. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol compared with Propofol during general anesthesia induction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2024;94:111425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111425"},{"key":"3079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen J, Liu C, Ding X et al. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol (HSK3486) for procedural sedation and anesthesia induction in surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2023;9(12):e22634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22634"},{"issue":"5","key":"3079_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2023.05.006","volume":"39","author":"WB Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang WB, Ren ZQ, Qin WM, et al. Effect of different doses of Ciprofol in painless gastroscopy. J Clin Anesthesiol. 2023;39(5):481\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12089\/jca.2023.05.006.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3079_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004-437X.2023.08.023","volume":"32","author":"X Liu Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y X. Effect of Cyclophenol on sedation and recovery quality of awakening of patients undergoing painless gastroscopy. HENAN Med Res. 2023;32(8):1438\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1004-437X.2023.08.023.","journal-title":"HENAN Med Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3079_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004755","volume":"43","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu X, Guan XD. Guidelines onclinical application of Ciprofol. China J Anesthesiol. 2023;43(7):769\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn131073.20230711.00701.","journal-title":"China J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.14010\/j.cnki.wjyx.2023.04.003","volume":"34","author":"ZW Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao ZW, Zhou RH, Li JX, et al. Applicability of Ciprofol combined with Nalbuphine in painless gastroenteroscopy on elderly patients. Med J China PAP. 2023;34(4):330\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14010\/j.cnki.wjyx.2023.04.003.","journal-title":"Med J China PAP"},{"issue":"7","key":"3079_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.12089\/Jca.2023.07.006","volume":"39","author":"M Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu M, Wang YG, Song DD, et al. Comparison of sedative effect of Ciprofol and Propofol in elder patients undergoing fibro colonoscopy treatment. J Clin Anesthesiol. 2023;39(7):705\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12089\/Jca.2023.07.006.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn321761-20211217-00568","volume":"43","author":"FN Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang FN, Cui SS, Xu C, et al. The anesthetic effects and safety of Ciprofol combined with low\u2043dose sufentanil in adult outpatients undergoing painless gas\u2043 trointestinal endoscopy. Int J Anesth Resus. 2022;43(6):616\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn321761-20211217-00568.","journal-title":"Int J Anesth Resus"},{"issue":"18","key":"3079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.18.022","volume":"61","author":"JL Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu JL, Ren LL, Chen FL, et al. Effect and safety of Ciprofol for painless Gastrointestinal endoscopy. CHINA Mod DOCTOR. 2023;61(18):97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.18.022.","journal-title":"CHINA Mod DOCTOR"},{"issue":"7","key":"3079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2022.07.008","volume":"38","author":"QL Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi QL, Mo HZ, Hu H, et al. Comparison of Ciprofol and Propofol in elderly patients undergoing gastroscopy. J Clin Anesthesiol. 2022;38(7):712\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12089\/jca.2022.07.008.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3079_CR23","first-page":"109","volume":"20","author":"L Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang L, Chen XQ, Yang L, et al. Application of Cyclopofol and Propofol in diagnosis and treatment of painless gastroscopy. Practical J Clin Med. 2023;20(3):109\u201312.","journal-title":"Practical J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.12208\/j.ijcr.20230164","volume":"7","author":"LR Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang LR, Liu H, Cui J. Study on the application of Cyclophenol in painless gastroscopy anesthesia. Int J Clin Res. 2023;7(4):49\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12208\/j.ijcr.20230164.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"3079_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.14164\/j.cnki.cn11-5581\/r.2022.16.009","volume":"16","author":"JW Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang JW, Hu YH, Li ZM. Application of Ciprofol in anesthesia of painless Gastrointestinal endoscopy. Chin J Mod Drug Appl. 2022;16(16):35\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14164\/j.cnki.cn11-5581\/r.2022.16.009","journal-title":"Chin J Mod Drug Appl"},{"key":"3079_CR26","unstructured":"Xia LQ, Peng YH, Zhang XS. Application of intravenous Cyclopropane in painless gastroscopy in obese patients. Chin J Integr Med. 2022;12:62\u20136. https:\/\/qikan.cqvip.com\/Qikan\/Article\/Detail?id=1000003607827&from=Qikan_Search_Index"},{"key":"3079_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen X, Guo P, Yang L, Liu Z, Yu D. Comparison and Clinical Value of Ciprofol and Propofol in Intraoperative Adverse Reactions, Operation, Resuscitation, and Satisfaction of Patients under Painless Gastroenteroscopy Anesthesia. Teekaraman Y, ed. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging. 2022;2022:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9541060","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9541060"},{"key":"3079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li J, Wang X, Liu J, et al., et al. Comparison of Ciprofol (HSK3486) versus Propofol for the induction of deep sedation during gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures: A multi-centre, non-inferiority, randomized, controlled phase 3 clinical trial. Basic Clin Pharma Tox. 2022;131(2):138\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.13761","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13761"},{"key":"3079_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang J, Liu R, Bi R et al. Comparison of ciprofol\u2013alfentanil and propofol\u2013alfentanil sedation during bidirectional endoscopy: A prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2024;56(4):663\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.09.016"},{"issue":"35","key":"3079_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34422","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034422","volume":"102","author":"J Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao J, Lv S, Wang X, et al. Effect of Ciprofol on swallowing function in patients undergoing painless Gastrointestinal endoscopy. Medicine. 2023;102(35):e34422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000034422.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"3079_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30378","volume":"10","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li T, Zhang J, Liu Z, et al. Effect of Propofol and Ciprofol on the euphoric reaction in patients with painless gastroscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Heliyon. 2024;10(9):e30378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30378.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3079_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teng Y, Ou M, Wang X et al. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol for the sedation\/anesthesia in patients undergoing colonoscopy: phase IIa and IIb multi-center clinical trials. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021;164:105904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105904"},{"key":"3079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao SH, Tang QQ, Wang CM et al. The efficacy and safety of Ciprofol and Propofol in patients undergoing colonoscopy: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2024;95:111474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111474"},{"issue":"2","key":"3079_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-013-0265-5","volume":"37","author":"E Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han E. A study of analytical methods for the determination of Propofol in blood. Arch Pharm Res. 2014;37(2):157\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12272-013-0265-5.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"3079_CR35","unstructured":"Teng Y, Ou MC, Wang X et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of Ciprofol emulsion in Chinese subjects: a single center, open-label, single-arm dose-escalation phase 1 study."},{"key":"3079_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ainiwaer D, Jiang W. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol versus Propofol for anesthesia induction in adult patients received elective surgeries: a meta\u2013analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024;24(1):93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-024-02479-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02479-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"3079_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-024-00160-8","volume":"4","author":"M Hudaib","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hudaib M, Malik H, Zakir SJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol versus Propofol for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2024;4(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44158-024-00160-8.","journal-title":"J Anesth Analg Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"3079_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(93)90119-y","volume":"5","author":"D Celleno","year":"1993","unstructured":"Celleno D, Capogna G, Emanuelli M, Varrassi G, Muratori F, Costantino P, Sebastiani M. Which induction drug for Cesarean section? A comparison of thiopental sodium, Propofol, and Midazolam. J Clin Anesth. 1993;5(4):284\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0952-8180(93)90119-y.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"3079_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6318051","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6318051","volume":"2022","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Han Y, Chen J. Meta-analysis of anesthetic efficacy and safety of Propofol in craniotomy patients. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2022;2022:6318051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6318051.","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"key":"3079_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang H, Zhao Q, Chen HY et al. The median effective concentration of Propofol with different doses of Esketamine during Gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88(3):1279\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.15072","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15072"},{"key":"3079_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dhingra U, Mantri N, Pani S, Tempe DK, Arora M. Etomidate versus Propofol for monitored anesthesia care during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.43178","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.43178"},{"key":"3079_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.194845","volume":"48","author":"KA Desousa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Desousa KA. Pain on Propofol injection: causes and remedies. Indian J Pharmacol. 2016;48:617\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0253-7613.194845.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3079_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590465","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.590465","volume":"8","author":"Y Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Y, Gu Y, Liu L, Tang X, Xia Q, Xu Z. Intravenous Dexmedetomidine administration prior anesthesia induction with Propofol at 4\u00b0C attenuates Propofol injection pain: A Double-Blind, randomized, Placebo-Controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:590465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.590465.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"3079_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu SB, Yao X, Tao J et al. Population total and unbound pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Ciprofol and M4 in subjects with various renal functions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023;89(3):1139\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.15561","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15561"},{"key":"3079_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ko CC, Hung KC, Illias AM et al. The use of remimazolam versus Propofol for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1101728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1101728","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1101728"},{"key":"3079_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sessler DI, Khanna AK. Perioperative myocardial injury and the contribution of hypotension. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6):811\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-018-5224-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5224-7"},{"key":"3079_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roshanov PS, Sessler DI, Chow CK, et al. Predicting myocardial injury and other cardiac complications after elective noncardiac surgery with the revised cardiac risk index: the VISION study. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37(8):1215\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.03.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.03.015"},{"key":"3079_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Czok M, Pluta MP, Putowski Z, Krzych \u0141J. Postoperative neurocognitive disorders in cardiac surgery: investigating the role of intraoperative hypotension. A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18020786","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020786"},{"key":"3079_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bijker JB, Persoon S, Peelen LM et al. Intraoperative hypotension and perioperative ischemic stroke after general surgery: a nested case-control study. Anesthesiology. 2012;116(3):658\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182472320","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182472320"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3079_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii3","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev380","volume":"115","author":"O Goren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goren O, Matot I. Perioperative acute kidney injury. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(Suppl 2):ii3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aev380.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3079_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson EG, Weaver SG, Batt KL, Weaver RH, Schadler A, Hall SJ. Low-dose adjuvant Dexmedetomidine did not decrease Propofol sedation requirements in children undergoing Gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pharmacotherapy. 2022;42(10):792\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2729","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2729"},{"key":"3079_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin X, Lu X, Tang L, Wang C, Xue J. Ciprofol versus Propofol for sedation in Gastrointestinal endoscopy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e071438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071438","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071438"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03079-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03079-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03079-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T14:59:57Z","timestamp":1757257197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03079-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03079-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"354"}}