{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T19:19:51Z","timestamp":1781119191092,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008967","name":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring has advanced significantly over the past few decades, enhancing patient safety and improving perioperative outcomes. This survey aimed to examine current practices in intraoperative hemodynamic management in Austria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between January 2024 and February 2024, members of the Austrian Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care Medicine (\u00d6GARI) with a registered email address (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,839) were invited to participate in an anonymous web-based survey.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 201 questionnaires were received, of which 177 were fully completed. When using intermittent oscillometry, 40% (71\/177) of respondents measure blood pressure every three minutes during anesthesia induction. Nearly 45% (80\/177) routinely insert an arterial catheter before anesthesia induction, using mean arterial pressure (MAP) to Guide blood pressure management. While 36% (61\/168) consider a MAP of 60 mmHg critically low, 48% (80\/168) set the threshold at 65 mmHg. Intraoperative hypotension is predominantly managed at individual discretion by 79% (140\/177), while 12% (21\/177) follow institutional standardized protocols. A pulse contour analysis monitor is available in 94% (166\/177) of respondents, with 49% (87\/177) reporting frequent use. Regarding the limited use of advanced hemodynamic monitoring in high-risk non-cardiac surgery patients, 64% (113\/177) perceived its added value as too low, while 57% (100\/177) cite a lack of experience in interpreting the parameters as a barrier to implementation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This survey among \u00d6GARI members provides key insights into intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring in Austrian hospitals. The findings suggest that respondents largely follow international recommendations, particularly concerning general blood pressure thresholds, measurement intervals, and indications for advanced hemodynamic monitoring. However, hemodynamic management appear to be only partially standardized, with decisions primarily left to the discretion of the anesthetist.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; registration number DRKS00033181 on December 6, 2023).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03374-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T04:33:45Z","timestamp":1758602025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Current practices in hemodynamic monitoring and management during non-cardiac surgery in Austria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Gaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Paal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DA","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Vojnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"3374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4375-7","volume":"42","author":"JL Teboul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teboul JL, Saugel B, Cecconi M, De Backer D, Hofer CK, Monnet X, et al. Less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(9):1350\u20139.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-024-01132-7","volume":"38","author":"B Saugel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saugel B, Annecke T, Bein B, Flick M, Goepfert M, Gruenewald M, et al. Intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring and management of adults having non-cardiac surgery: guidelines of the German society of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine in collaboration with the German association of the scientific medical societies. J Clin Monit Comput. 2024;38(5):945\u201359.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"3374_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vojnar B, Achenbach P, Flick M, Reuter D, Sander M, Saugel B et al. Haemodynamic monitoring and management during non-cardiac surgery: a survey among German anaesthesiologists. J Clin Monit Comput. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-025-01284-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-025-01284-0"},{"key":"3374_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.08.016","volume":"151","author":"MW Heymans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heymans MW, Twisk JWR. Handling missing data in clinical research. J Clin Epidemiol. 2022;151:185\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002703","volume":"131","author":"B Saugel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saugel B, Reese PC, Sessler DI, Burfeindt C, Nicklas JY, Pinnschmidt HO, et al. Automated ambulatory blood pressure measurements and intraoperative hypotension in patients having noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia: A prospective observational study. Anesthesiology. 2019;131(1):74\u201383.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3374_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14416","volume":"73","author":"K Maheshwari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maheshwari K, Turan A, Mao G, Yang D, Niazi AK, Agarwal D, et al. The association of hypotension during non-cardiac surgery, before and after skin incision, with postoperative acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort analysis. Anaesthesia. 2018;73(10):1223\u20138.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-021-00653-9","volume":"36","author":"B Saugel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saugel B, Bebert EJ, Briesenick L, Hoppe P, Greiwe G, Yang D, et al. Mechanisms contributing to hypotension after anesthetic induction with sufentanil, propofol, and rocuronium: a prospective observational study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36(2):341\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"3374_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-024-01176-9","volume":"38","author":"M Flick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Flick M, Lohr A, Weidemann F, Naebian A, Hoppe P, Thomsen KK, et al. Post-anesthesia care unit hypotension in low-risk patients recovering from non-cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2024;38(6):1331\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"3374_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.06.027","volume":"129","author":"K Kouz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kouz K, Wegge M, Flick M, Bergholz A, Moll-Khosrawi P, Nitzschke R, et al. Continuous intra-arterial versus intermittent oscillometric arterial pressure monitoring and hypotension during induction of anaesthesia: the AWAKE randomised trial. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(4):478\u201386.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3374_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199304000-00006","volume":"76","author":"D Mangar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mangar D, Thrush DN, Connell GR, Downs JB. Direct or modified Seldinger guide wire-directed technique for arterial catheter insertion. Anesth Analg. 1993;76(4):714\u20137.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3374_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001064","volume":"36","author":"YE Jang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jang YE, Kim EH, Lee JH, Kim HS, Kim JT. Guidewire-assisted vs. direct radial arterial cannulation in neonates and infants: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36(10):738\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1784","volume":"149","author":"WJ Gu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gu WJ, Wu XD, Wang F, Ma ZL, Gu XP. Ultrasound guidance facilitates radial artery catheterization: A Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest. 2016;149(1):166\u201379.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"3374_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew097","volume":"116","author":"L White","year":"2016","unstructured":"White L, Halpin A, Turner M, Wallace L. Ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation in adult and paediatric populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(5):610\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02859-w","volume":"24","author":"B Saugel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saugel B, Kouz K, Meidert AS, Schulte-Uentrop L, Romagnoli S. How to measure blood pressure using an arterial catheter: a systematic 5-step approach. Crit Care (London England). 2020;24(1):172.","journal-title":"Crit Care (London England)"},{"key":"3374_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michard F, Foti L, Villa G. ea. The impact of underdamping on the maximum rate of the radial pressure rise during systole (dP\/dt MAX). Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44254-023-00033-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-023-00033-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"3374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198103000-00010","volume":"54","author":"RM Gardner","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gardner RM. Direct blood pressure measurement\u2013dynamic response requirements. Anesthesiology. 1981;54(3):227\u201336.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003482","volume":"127","author":"K Maheshwari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maheshwari K, Khanna S, Bajracharya GR, Makarova N, Riter Q, Raza S, et al. A randomized trial of continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring during noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(2):424\u201331.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3374_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004629","volume":"139","author":"K Kouz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kouz K, Weidemann F, Naebian A, Lohr A, Bergholz A, Thomsen KK, et al. Continuous Finger-cuff versus intermittent oscillometric arterial pressure monitoring and hypotension during induction of anesthesia and noncardiac surgery: the DETECT randomized trial. Anesthesiology. 2023;139(3):298\u2013308.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3374_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001015","volume":"36","author":"B Saugel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saugel B, Vincent JL. Protocolised personalised peri-operative haemodynamic management. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36(8):551\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007074","volume":"141","author":"S Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee S, Islam N, Ladha KS, van Klei W, Wijeysundera DN. Intraoperative hypotension in patients having major noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia: A systematic review of blood pressure optimization strategies. Anesth Analg. 2025;141(1):38\u201360.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006518","volume":"53","author":"J Schuurmans","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schuurmans J, Rellum SR, Schenk J, van der Ster BJP, van der Ven WH, Geerts BF, et al. Effect of a machine Learning-Derived early warning tool with treatment protocol on hypotension during cardiac surgery and ICU stay: the hypotension prediction 2 (HYPE-2) randomized clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 2025;53(2):e328\u201340.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.03.040","volume":"133","author":"S Funcke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Funcke S, Schmidt G, Bergholz A, Argente Navarro P, Azparren Cabezon G, Barbero-Espinosa S, et al. Cardiac index-guided therapy to maintain optimised postinduction cardiac index in high-risk patients having major open abdominal surgery: the multicentre randomised iPEGASUS trial. Br J Anaesth. 2024;133(2):277\u201387.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3374_CR23","first-page":"e080439","volume":"387","author":"OIT Group","year":"2024","unstructured":"Group OIT. Cardiac output-guided haemodynamic therapy for patients undergoing major Gastrointestinal surgery: OPTIMISE II randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 2024;387:e080439.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"3374_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182a10e26","volume":"119","author":"M Walsh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walsh M, Devereaux PJ, Garg AX, Kurz A, Turan A, Rodseth RN, et al. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(3):507\u201315.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000686","volume":"123","author":"EJ Mascha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mascha EJ, Yang D, Weiss S, Sessler DI. Intraoperative mean arterial pressure variability and 30-day mortality in patients having noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015;123(1):79\u201391.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3374_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005250","volume":"132","author":"A Gregory","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gregory A, Stapelfeldt WH, Khanna AK, Smischney NJ, Boero IJ, Chen Q, et al. Intraoperative hypotension is associated with adverse clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2021;132(6):1654\u201365.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000270724.40897.8e","volume":"107","author":"JB Bijker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bijker JB, van Klei WA, Kappen TH, van Wolfswinkel L, Moons KG, Kalkman CJ. Incidence of intraoperative hypotension as a function of the chosen definition: literature definitions applied to a retrospective cohort using automated data collection. Anesthesiology. 2007;107(2):213\u201320.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003610","volume":"134","author":"B Saugel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saugel B, Sessler DI. Perioperative blood pressure management. Anesthesiology. 2021;134(2):250\u201361.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.04.046","volume":"133","author":"B Saugel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saugel B, Fletcher N, Gan TJ, Grocott MPW, Myles PS, Sessler DI, et al. PeriOperative quality initiative (POQI) international consensus statement on perioperative arterial pressure management. Br J Anaesth. 2024;133(2):264\u201376.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-022-00889-z","volume":"37","author":"AS Meidert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meidert AS, Hornung R, Christmann T, Aue E, Dahal C, Dolch ME, et al. Do higher alarm thresholds for arterial blood pressure lead to less perioperative hypotension? A retrospective, observational cohort study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023;37(1):275\u201385.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"3374_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14485","volume":"68","author":"ES Baekgaard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baekgaard ES, Madsen BK, Crone V, El-Hallak H, Moller MH, Vester-Andersen M, et al. Perioperative hypotension and use of vasoactive agents in non-cardiac surgery: A scoping review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2024;68(9):1134\u201348.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"3374_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00068","volume":"8","author":"B Bein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bein B, Christ T, Eberhart LH. Cafedrine\/Theodrenaline (20:1) is an established alternative for the management of arterial hypotension in Germany-a review based on a systematic literature search. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:68.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"39","key":"3374_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac270","volume":"43","author":"S Halvorsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, Hall TS, Abdelhamid M, Barbato E, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(39):3826\u2013924.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0148-2","volume":"6","author":"S Funcke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Funcke S, Sander M, Goepfert MS, Groesdonk H, Heringlake M, Hirsch J, et al. Practice of hemodynamic monitoring and management in german, austrian, and Swiss intensive care units: the multicenter cross-sectional ICU-CardioMan study. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):49.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"3374_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad T, Beilstein CM, Aldecoa C, Moreno RP, Molnar Z, Novak-Jankovic V et al. Variation in haemodynamic monitoring for major surgery in European nations: secondary analysis of the EuSOS dataset. Perioperative medicine (London, England). 2015;4:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13741-015-0018-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-015-0018-8"},{"key":"3374_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102944","volume":"78","author":"H Jalalzadeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jalalzadeh H, Hulskes RH, Weenink RP, Wolfhagen N, van Dusseldorp I, Schaad RR, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of goal-directed haemodynamic therapy algorithms during surgery for the prevention of surgical site infection. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;78:102944.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03464-1","volume":"25","author":"A Messina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Messina A, Robba C, Calabro L, Zambelli D, Iannuzzi F, Molinari E, et al. Association between perioperative fluid administration and postoperative outcomes: a 20-year systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized goal-directed trials in major visceral\/noncardiac surgery. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):43.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-016-2261-7","volume":"31","author":"A Som","year":"2017","unstructured":"Som A, Maitra S, Bhattacharjee S, Baidya DK. Goal directed fluid therapy decreases postoperative morbidity but not mortality in major non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Anesth. 2017;31(1):66\u201381.","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"3374_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-024-01161-2","volume":"38","author":"K Kouz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kouz K, Thiele R, Michard F, Saugel B. Haemodynamic monitoring during noncardiac surgery: past, present, and future. J Clin Monit Comput. 2024;38(3):565\u201380.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"3374_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-024-01196-5","volume":"38","author":"RDH Passos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Passos RDH, Andari L, Assuncao MSC. Monitor smart, use better: the future of haemodynamic monitoring. J Clin Monit Comput. 2024;38(6):1437\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12270-2","volume":"25","author":"AC Thoonsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thoonsen AC, Gans A, Broeders TT, van Beusekom I, Delnoij DMJ, de Bruijne MC, et al. Nationwide guideline implementation: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators from the perspective of guideline organizations. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025;25(1):150.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"3374_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s41077-020-00134-0","volume":"5","author":"D Chalo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chalo D, Marques J, Mendes H, Sancho C. Design of an interface for teaching cardiovascular physiology to anesthesia clinicians with a patient simulator connected to a minimally invasive cardiac output monitor (LiDCO rapid(R)). Adv Simul (Lond). 2020;5:16.","journal-title":"Adv Simul (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000152","volume":"11","author":"A Eghiaian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eghiaian A, Lanceleur A, Le Maho AL, Pouilly A, de Kerlidy PM, Blondel P, et al. A hemodynamic monitor as a simulation tool, a novel use of the PiCCO2: technical description of the method and its application. Simul Healthc. 2016;11(2):139\u201346.","journal-title":"Simul Healthc"},{"issue":"6","key":"3374_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23458","volume":"24","author":"AA Havaldar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Havaldar AA, Krishna B, Sampath S, Paramasivam SK. Simulation training in hemodynamic monitoring and mechanical ventilation: an assessment of physician\u2019s performance. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2020;24(6):423\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3374_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00185.2016","volume":"41","author":"JK Zoller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zoller JK, He J, Ballew AT, Orr WN, Flynn BC. Novel use of a noninvasive hemodynamic monitor in a personalized, active learning simulation. Adv Physiol Educ. 2017;41(2):266\u20139.","journal-title":"Adv Physiol Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3374_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00845-1","volume":"11","author":"JL Fellahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fellahi JL, Futier E, Vaisse C, Collange O, Huet O, Loriau J, et al. Perioperative hemodynamic optimization: from guidelines to implementation-an experts\u2019 opinion paper. Ann Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):58.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03374-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03374-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03374-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T17:02:39Z","timestamp":1758646959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03374-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03374-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty at Philipps University Marburg, Germany (Reference: 23\u2013275 ANZ; approval date: November 9, 2023). The survey was conducted anonymously. Participation was voluntary and implied consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"CG declares no conflicts of interest.PP declares no conflicts of interest.DR reports consultancy for Edwards Lifesciences and Philips, and received lecture fees from Edwards Lifesciences and Baxter.HW declares no conflicts of interest.BV reports consultancy for TEVA-ratiopharm and received honoraria for lectures from Edwards Lifesciences, TEVA-ratiopharm, and Vygon.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"450"}}