{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:14:19Z","timestamp":1761567259539,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Fund Project of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2022CFC044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFC044"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Education Department","award":["B2021029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2021029"]}]},{"name":"Three Gorges University Teaching Reform Research project","award":["No. J2023075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. J2023075"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03391-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:57:10Z","timestamp":1761562630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal analgesia after laparoscopic total hysterectomy with pre-pneumoperitoneum phrenic nerve block using different ropivacaine concentrations: randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yifei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liduan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3391_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de\u2019Angelis N, Catena F, Memeo R, Coccolini F, Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez A, Romeo OM, et al. 2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy. World J Emerg Surg. 2021;16(1):30.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-021-00369-w"},{"key":"3391_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-00414-4","volume":"18","author":"AT Gabrielson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabrielson AT, Clifton MM, Pavlovich CP, Biles MJ, Huang M, Agnew J, et al. Surgical ergonomics for urologists: a practical guide. Nat Reviews Urol. 2021;18:160\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Urol"},{"key":"3391_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726352","volume":"34","author":"DS Keller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keller DS, Jenkins CN. Safety with innovation in colon and rectal robotic surgery. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2021;34:273\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"3391_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.6.596","volume":"139","author":"F Fujita","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujita F. Quantification of pain and satisfaction following laparoscopic and open hernia repair. Arch Surg. 2004;139:596.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"3391_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2017.06.002","volume":"24","author":"T Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song T, Kim KH, Lee KW. The intensity of postlaparoscopic shoulder pain is positively correlated with the amount of residual Pneumoperitoneum. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2017;24:984\u2013e9891.","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"3391_CR6","first-page":"90","volume":"17","author":"V Fenner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fenner V, Schoofs F, Benamran D, Iselin C. Urol Rev Med Suisse. 2021;17:90\u20134.","journal-title":"Urol Rev Med Suisse"},{"key":"3391_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2021.2010763","volume":"31","author":"G Gitas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gitas G, Hanker L, Rody A, Ackermann J, Alkatout I. Robotic surgery in gynecology: is the future already here? Minim Invasive Therapy Allied Technol. 2022;31:815\u201324.","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Therapy Allied Technol"},{"key":"3391_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3390\/children9060805","volume":"9","author":"EM Brownlee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brownlee EM, Slack M. The role of the versius surgical robotic system in the paediatric population. Children. 2022;9:805.","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"3391_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piyasoontrawong N, Sirisreetreerux P, Kochakarn W. Complications prevention of shoulder balance support device for lateral decubitus position: A randomized controlled trial. SAGE Open Med. 2023;11:20503121231167966.","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231167966"},{"key":"3391_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2020.12.012","volume":"43","author":"GA Vilos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vilos GA, Ternamian A, Laberge PY, Vilos AG, Abu-Rafea B, Scattolon S, et al. Guideline 412: laparoscopic entry for gynaecological surgery. J Obstet Gynecol Can. 2021;43:376\u2013e3891.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Can"},{"key":"3391_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v17i4.35","volume":"17","author":"HM Elbiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elbiss HM, Abu-Zidan FM. Bowel injury following gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Afr Health Sci. 2018;17:1237.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"3391_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000961","volume":"76","author":"D De Alwis","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Alwis D, Ades A, Nanayakkara P. Laparoscopic Port-Site hernia: an underrecognized iatrogenic complication of laparoscopic surgery. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2021;76:751\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"3391_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.07.017","volume":"60","author":"P-C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li P-C, Chen H, Ding D-C. Shoulder pain after natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery decreased with abdominal compression and pulmonary recruitment maneuver: A retrospective study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;60:878\u201381.","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3391_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang SC, Chang KY, Wei LF, Shyr YM, Ho CM. To drain or not to drain: the association between residual intraperitoneal gas and post-laparoscopic shoulder pain for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):7447.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85714-4"},{"key":"3391_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202100027","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2021.00027","volume":"25","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Li K. Time characteristics of shoulder pain after laparoscopic surgery. JSLS: J Soc Laparosc Robotic Surg. 2021;25:e202100027.","journal-title":"JSLS: J Soc Laparosc Robotic Surg"},{"key":"3391_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5651-5","volume":"32","author":"DH Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee DH, Song T, Kim KH, Lee KW. Incidence, natural course, and characteristics of postlaparoscopic shoulder pain. Surg Endosc. 2017;32:160\u20135.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3391_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.15875","volume":"13","author":"JB Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi JB, Kang K, Song MK, Seok S, Kim YH, Kim JE. Pain characteristics after total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Int J Med Sci. 2016;13:562\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"3391_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S338716","volume":"14","author":"L Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu L, Xia T, Ji H, Guo Y, Liu J, Du L, et al. Sodium bicarbonate Sub-Diaphragmatic irrigation relieves shoulder pain after total laparoscopic hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial. J Pain Res. 2021;14:3615\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"3391_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5398-4","volume":"31","author":"MS Yi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yi MS, Kim WJ, Kim MK, Kang H, Park Y-H, Jung YH, et al. Effect of ultrasound-guided phrenic nerve block on shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy\u2014a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc. 2016;31:3637\u201345.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"3391_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13928","volume":"65","author":"TS Bak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bak TS, B\u00f8gevig S, Christensen AP, Tollund C, Hillings\u00f8 J, Aasvang EK. Phrenic nerve block on severe post-hepatectomy shoulder pain: A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65:1320\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"3391_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021507000178","volume":"24","author":"M Guillier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guillier M, Boselli E, Bouvet L, Freney J, Renaud FNR, Chassard D, et al. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride and sufentanil have no antimicrobial effect at 25\u00b0C in vitro. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2007;24:634\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"3391_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliver-Fornies P, Ortega Lahuerta JP, Gomez Gomez R, Gonzalo Pellicer I, Oliden Gutierrez L, Vi\u00f1uales Cabeza J et al. Diaphragmatic paralysis, respiratory function, and postoperative pain after interscalene brachial plexus block with a reduced dose of 10\u00a0ml levobupivacaine 0.25% versus a 20\u00a0ml dose in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery: study protocol for the randomized controlled double-blind REDOLEV study. Trials. 2021;22(1):287.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05216-6"},{"key":"3391_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001305","volume":"38","author":"PL Georgiadis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Georgiadis PL, Vlassakov KV, Patton ME, Lirk PB, Janfaza DR, Zeballos JL, et al. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular vs. retroclavicular block of the brachial plexus: comparison of ipsilateral diaphragmatic function. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020;38:64\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"3391_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Co\u015farcan SK, Do\u011fan AT, Koyuncu \u00d6, Gurkan Y, Er\u00e7elen \u00d6. The minimum effective analgesic volume of 0.5% bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided anterior suprascapular nerve block. Cureus. 2022;14(11):e31350.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31350"},{"key":"3391_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.10.025","volume":"40","author":"C Martinez-Barenys","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martinez-Barenys C, Busquets J, de Castro PEL, Garcia-Guasch R, Perez J, Fernandez E, et al. Randomized double-blind comparison of phrenic nerve infiltration and suprascapular nerve block for ipsilateral shoulder pain after thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:106\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"3391_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torrano V, Anastasi S, Balzani E, Barbara E, Behr AU, Bosco M, et al. Enhancing safety in regional anesthesia: guidelines from the Italian society of anesthesia, analgesia, resuscitation and intensive care (SIAARTI). J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2025;5(1):26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-025-00245-y"},{"key":"3391_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03635-5","volume":"31","author":"S Hopewell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hopewell S, Chan A-W, Collins GS, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Moher D, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomized trials. Nat Med. 2025;31:1776\u201383.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3391_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0000000000001071","volume":"32","author":"R Akturk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akturk R, Serins\u00f6z S. Determining a method to minimize pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2022;32:441\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"3391_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li XY, Tian M, Li AZ, Han CL, Li KZ. The risk of shoulder pain after laparoscopic surgery for infertility is higher in thin patients. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13421.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92762-3"},{"key":"3391_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng X, Li H, Wan Y, Lin X. Pulmonary recruitment maneuver reduces the intensity of post-laparoscopic shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023;23(1):155.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02107-y"},{"key":"3391_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu M, Lei X, Fu Q. Analgesic effect of erector spinae plane block in adults undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023;23(1):7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-01969-6"},{"key":"3391_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cesur S, Y.r.ko.lu HU, Aksu C. Ku. A. Bilateral versus unilateral erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study. Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition). 2023;73:72\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2021.04.020"},{"key":"3391_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw057","volume":"17","author":"AK Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong AK, Keeney LG, Chen L, Williams R, Liu J, Elkassabany NM. Effect of local anesthetic concentration (0.2% vs 0.1% Ropivacaine) on pulmonary Function, and analgesia after Ultrasound-Guided interscalene brachial plexus block: A randomized controlled study. Pain Med. 2016;17:2397\u2013403.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"3391_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YaDeau JT, Gordon MA, Goytizolo EA, Lin Y, Fields KG, Goon AK, et al. Buprenorphine, clonidine, dexamethasone, and ropivacaine for interscalene nerve blockade: a prospective, randomized, blinded, ropivacaine dose-response study. Pain Med. 2016;17(5):940-960.","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv010"},{"key":"3391_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13492","volume":"48","author":"J Bang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bang J, Nam S, Hwang C, Lee E, Choi B. Population Pharmacokinetic analysis of ropivacaine extended-release from a temperature\u2010responsive hydrogel in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2021;48:932\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"3391_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen S, Ma J, Wang X, Zhou Q. Simultaneous determination of ropivacaine and 3-hydroxy ropivacaine in cerebrospinal fluid by UPLC\u2010MS\/MS. BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:8844866.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8844866"},{"key":"3391_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9568-5","volume":"58","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee J-H, Cho S-H, Kim S-H, Chae W-S, Jin H-C, Lee J-S, et al. Ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided interscalene block: 5 mL provides similar analgesia but less phrenic nerve paralysis than 10 mL. Can J Anesthesia\/Journal Canadien d\u2019anesth\u00e9sie. 2011;58:1001\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Anesthesia\/Journal Canadien d\u2019anesth\u00e9sie"},{"key":"3391_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen229","volume":"101","author":"S Riazi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riazi S, Carmichael N, Awad I, Holtby RM, McCartney CJL. Effect of local anaesthetic volume (20 vs 5\u00a0ml) on the efficacy and respiratory consequences of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101:549\u201356.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3391_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Z, Liu C, Huang L, Bo L, Li X, Lv C et al. The efficacy of preemptive multimodal analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):25438.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75720-7"},{"key":"3391_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.06.072","volume":"159","author":"I Azevedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azevedo I, Ugalde Figueroa P, Commentary. Can preemptive analgesia decrease opioid use after foregut laparoscopic surgery? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;159:747\u20138.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"3391_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.5.507","volume":"78","author":"K Knudsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Knudsen K, Beckman Suurk\u00fcla M, Blomberg S, Sj\u00f6vall J, Edvardsson N. Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. Infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78:507\u201314.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3391_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08167-x","volume":"69","author":"T Cabral-Fran\u00e7a","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cabral-Fran\u00e7a T, Cruz FF, Silva PC, Pannain VLN, Fernandes A, Eul\u00e1lio JMR, et al. Hippocampal microglia activation induced by acute pancreatic injury in rats. Dig Dis Sci. 2023;69:148\u201360.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"3391_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2018.10.008","volume":"25","author":"J Ricoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ricoy J, Rodr\u00edguez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez N, \u00c1lvarez-Doba\u00f1o JM, Toubes ME, Riveiro V, Vald\u00e9s L. Diaphragmatic dysfunction. Pulmonology. 2019;25:223\u201335.","journal-title":"Pulmonology"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03391-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03391-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03391-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:57:21Z","timestamp":1761562641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03391-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03391-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2253"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of First People\u2019s Hospital of Yichang (the People\u2019s Hospital of China Three Gorges University) (Ethics Approval Number: PJ-KY2022-35) and registered with the China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300073162). All participants provided written informed consent for participation in this study. Additionally, written informed consent was obtained from patients to publish any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The author declares no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"524"}}