{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:14:34Z","timestamp":1792188874267,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Awake craniotomy is the gold standard for resecting brain tumors in eloquent areas. This technique requires tailored anesthetic management to ensure patient safety and cooperation. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics, anesthetic management, and intraoperative outcomes in patients undergoing awake craniotomy at a high-complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective case series. Sociodemographic, clinical, and intraoperative data were obtained from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen patients underwent awake craniotomy with monitored anesthesia care using dexmedetomidine and remifentanil. All patients received a scalp block, non-opioid analgesics, and antiemetic prophylaxis. The most frequent adverse event was transient bradycardia without hemodynamic instability. No respiratory or neurological complications occurred. All procedures were successfully completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Awake craniotomy under monitored anesthesia care with dexmedetomidine and remifentanil was feasible, safe, and well tolerated in this cohort. The absence of serious complications highlights the value of structured anesthetic protocols and trained multidisciplinary teams. This experience provides reference for the adoption of similar strategies in hospital settings across Latin America, where implementation of awake craniotomy remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03393-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:44:19Z","timestamp":1761119059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Awake craniotomy for brain tumor resection: anesthetic management and clinical experience from a high complexity hospital in Latin America"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"David Esteban","family":"Eraso-Bola\u00f1os","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Libreros-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Y.","family":"Komaromy-Obando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel C.","family":"Soto-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3393_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulikov A, Lubnin A. Anesthesia for awake craniotomy. Vol. 31, current opinion in anaesthesiology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2018. pp. 506\u201310.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000625"},{"key":"3393_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akavipat P, Sookplung P, Lekprasert V, Kasemsiri C, Lerdsirisophon S. Dexmedetomidine for awake craniotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. Churchill Livingstone; 2024. Volume 127.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110765.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110765"},{"key":"3393_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izzi A, Mincolelli G, D\u2019Onofrio G, Marchello V, Manuali A, Icolaro N et al. Awake craniotomy in conscious sedation: the role of A2 agonists. Brain Sci. 2024;14(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14020147"},{"key":"3393_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang K, Gelb AW. Awake craniotomy: Indications, benefits, and techniques. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology. Volume 46. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2018. pp. 46\u201351.","DOI":"10.1097\/CJ9.0000000000000045"},{"key":"3393_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin N, Vutskits L, Bebawy JF, Gelb AW. Perspectives on Dexmedetomidine use for neurosurgical patients. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. Volume 31. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2019. pp. 366\u201377.","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000554"},{"issue":"6","key":"3393_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew024","volume":"116","author":"N Goettel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goettel N, Bharadwaj S, Venkatraghavan L, Mehta J, Bernstein M, Manninen PH. Dexmedetomidine vs propofol-remifentanil conscious sedation for awake craniotomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(6):811\u201321.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3393_CR7","unstructured":"Hussein K, Moore M. Anaesthesia Management for Awake Craniotomy [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/resources.wfsahq.org\/anaesthesia-tutorial-of-the-week\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"3393_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000408","volume":"61","author":"GRB Jose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jose GRB, Legaspi GD, Ibale MGD, Du\u00f1go ABC. Awake craniotomy: nuts and bolts. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2023;61(3):8\u201312.","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"3393_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/139859","volume":"2014","author":"O Ozlu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ozlu O, Sanalbas S, Yazicioglu D, Utebey G, Baran I. Sedation and regional anesthesia for deep brain stimulation in parkinson\u2019s disease. J Anesthesiology. 2014;2014:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3393_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03176-y","volume":"48","author":"S Aghajanian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aghajanian S, Naeimi A, Mohammadifard F, Mohammadi I, Rajai Firouzabadi S, Baradaran Bagheri A, et al. Efficacy and safety of anesthetic agents in awake craniotomy using monitored anesthesia care protocol: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2025;48(1):57.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"3393_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1178-z","volume":"65","author":"N McAuliffe","year":"2018","unstructured":"McAuliffe N, Nicholson S, Rigamonti A, Hare GMT, Cusimano M, Garavaglia M, et al. Awake craniotomy using Dexmedetomidine and scalp blocks: a retrospective cohort study. Can J Anesth. 2018;65(10):1129\u201337.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"3393_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308584","volume":"86","author":"T Iuchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iuchi T, Kuwabara K, Matsumoto M, Kawasaki K, Hasegawa Y, Sakaida T. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis during and early after craniotomy for brain tumours: A phase II prospective, randomised study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(10):1158\u201362.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3393_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.06.096","volume":"177","author":"LAF Albuquerque","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albuquerque LAF, Mac\u00eado Filho LJM, Borges FS, Pessoa FC, Di\u00f3genes GS, Rocha CJV, et al. Awake craniotomy for diffuse low grade gliomas in a resource limited setting: lessons learned with a consecutive series of 51 surgeries. World Neurosurg. 2023;177:e563\u201379.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3393_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueredo LF, Shelton WJ, Tagle-Vega U, Sanchez E, de Macedo Filho L, Salazar AF, et al. The state of Art of awake craniotomy in Latin American countries: a scoping review. Journal of Neuro-Oncology. Volume 164. Springer; 2023. pp. 287\u201398.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04433-0"},{"key":"3393_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharadwaj HR, Awuah WA, Adebusoye FT, Tan JK, Ali SH, Pacheco-Barrios N et al. Awake craniotomies in South america: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2024;16.","DOI":"10.1177\/11795735241238681"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03393-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03393-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03393-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:44:22Z","timestamp":1761119062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03393-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03393-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali and Clinica Imbanaco respectively approved the protocol of this study (Act No. 11 of 2024 under the code CEI-975). The informed consent was waived by the institutional review board as it was classified as risk-free according to national resolution (No. 008430 of 1993, article 11, numeral A) of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person\u2019s data in any form (including images, videos, or other identifying information).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"517"}}