{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:37:02Z","timestamp":1769006222197,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoperative medication errors, although uncommon, can result in considerable patient harm. Evidence remains limited regarding anesthesia provider-level and perioperative risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate whether anesthesia provider characteristics\u2014particularly experience level and team composition\u2014are statistically associated with intraoperative medication errors after multivariable adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study of 100,093 surgical cases managed under anesthesia at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in Japan between August 2011 and December 2023. Data were extracted from an electronic anesthesia record system linked to institutional medical records. Medication errors were mainly identified through anesthesia provider self-reporting, supplemented by reports from operating room nurses. Predictor variables included patient characteristics, procedural details, and the main explanatory variable was anesthesia provider configuration: attending, and resident or intern under the supervision of an attending anesthesiologist. Firth\u2019s penalized logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables identified via a directed acyclic graph.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intraoperative medication errors occurred in 102 of 100,093 procedures (0.10%). Compared with attending anesthesiologists, the odds of medication error\u2014adjusted for the familywise error rate (FWER) using the Holm\u2013Bonferroni method\u2014were significantly higher when care involved residents [OR 2.713; 95% CI, 1.283\u20136.815;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007] or interns [OR 3.272; 95% CI, 1.508\u20138.368;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003]. After multiplicity adjustment, no other factors\u2014including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification, and surgical urgency\u2014were statistically associated with error risk. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the main findings across different covariate sets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anesthesia provider characteristics were statistically associated with intraoperative medication error risk. These findings suggest the need for strengthened supervision, structured team roles, and systems-based safeguards in perioperative medication safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03539-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T01:54:44Z","timestamp":1765590884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary anesthesia provider characteristics and risk factors for intraoperative medication errors: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seirin","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sae","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Uezono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3539_CR1","unstructured":"Challenge WGPS. 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The need for individual informed consent was waived by the Committee, and public disclosure with an opt-out option was implemented in accordance with the Committee\u2019s instructions. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study did not include any individual person\u2019s data in any form (including images, videos, or personal details).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"44"}}