{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:12:47Z","timestamp":1770837167335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03581-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:05:19Z","timestamp":1768619119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low dose of sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of rocuronium induced moderate neuromuscular block: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hadj-Mimoune","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Morisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Ellassraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moulay","family":"Idrissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marceline","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Godin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Oulehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis-Philippe","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Verdonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Laferri\u00e8re-Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Richeb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3581_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c3be3c","volume":"110","author":"P Duvaldestin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duvaldestin P, Kuizenga K, Saldien V, Claudius C, Servin F, Klein J, et al. A randomized, dose-response study of sugammadex given for the reversal of deep rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade under sevoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(1):74\u201382.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"12","key":"3581_CR2","first-page":"1267","volume":"82","author":"CL Errando","year":"2016","unstructured":"Errando CL, Garutti I, Mazzinari G, Diaz-Cambronero O, Bebawy JF, GrupoEspanol De Estudio Del Bloqueo N. Residual neuromuscular blockade in the postanesthesia care unit: observational cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(12):1267\u201377.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3581_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000757","volume":"121","author":"LP Fortier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fortier LP, McKeen D, Turner K, de Medicis E, Warriner B, Jones PM, et al. The RECITE study: a Canadian prospective, multicenter study of the incidence and severity of residual neuromuscular blockade. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(2):366\u201372.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"3581_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.12.042","volume":"55","author":"L Saager","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saager L, Maiese EM, Bash LD, Meyer TA, Minkowitz H, Groudine S, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and consequences of residual neuromuscular block in the United States: the prospective, observational, multicenter RECITE-US study. J Clin Anesth. 2019;55:33\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"3581_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31816d1268","volume":"107","author":"GS Murphy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Marymont JH, Greenberg SB, Avram MJ, Vender JS. Residual neuromuscular blockade and critical respiratory events in the postanesthesia care unit. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(1):130\u20137.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"11","key":"3581_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-019-00677-6","volume":"68","author":"C Unterbuchner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Unterbuchner C, Ehehalt K, Graf B. Algorithm-based preventive strategies for avoidance of residual neuromuscular blocks. Anaesthesist. 2019;68(11):744\u201354.","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"issue":"2","key":"3581_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199908000-00016","volume":"89","author":"JC Bevan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bevan JC, Collins L, Fowler C, Kahwaji R, Rosen HD, Smith MF, et al. Early and late reversal of rocuronium and vecuronium with neostigmine in adults and children. Anesth Analg. 1999;89(2):333\u20139.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3581_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833d56b7","volume":"27","author":"M Blobner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blobner M, Eriksson LI, Scholz J, Motsch J, Della Rocca G, Prins ME. Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex compared with neostigmine during sevoflurane anaesthesia: results of a randomised, controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010;27(10):874\u201381.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3581_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c53863","volume":"112","author":"T Fuchs-Buder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fuchs-Buder T, Meistelman C, Alla F, Grandjean A, Wuthrich Y, Donati F. Antagonism of low degrees of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade: dose-effect relationship for neostigmine. Anesthesiology. 2010;112(1):34\u201340.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3581_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2013.65.6.495","volume":"65","author":"T Fuchs-Buder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuchs-Buder T, Meistelman C, Raft J. Sugammadex: clinical development and practical use. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013;65(6):495\u2013500.","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3581_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01419-3","volume":"66","author":"E Alday","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alday E, Munoz M, Planas A, Mata E, Alvarez C. Effects of neuromuscular block reversal with sugammadex versus neostigmine on postoperative respiratory outcomes after major abdominal surgery: a randomized-controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2019;66(11):1328\u201337.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3581_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq269","volume":"105","author":"F Paton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paton F, Paulden M, Chambers D, Heirs M, Duffy S, Hunter JM, et al. Sugammadex compared with neostigmine\/glycopyrrolate for routine reversal of neuromuscular block: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Br J Anaesth. 2010;105(5):558\u201367.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3581_CR13","volume":"8","author":"AM Hristovska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hristovska AM, Duch P, Allingstrup M, Afshari A. Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;8:CDO12763.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3581_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05868.x","volume":"64","author":"LH Booij","year":"2009","unstructured":"Booij LH. Cyclodextrins and the emergence of sugammadex. Anaesthesia. 2009;64(Suppl 1):31\u20137.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3581_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei314","volume":"96","author":"M Shields","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shields M, Giovannelli M, Mirakhur RK, Moppett I, Adams J, Hermens Y. Org 25969 (sugammadex), a selective relaxant binding agent for antagonism of prolonged rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(1):36\u201343.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3581_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31818a3fee","volume":"109","author":"RK Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones RK, Caldwell JE, Brull SJ, Soto RG. Reversal of profound rocuronium-induced blockade with sugammadex: a randomized comparison with neostigmine. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(5):816\u201324.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3581_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200702000-00016","volume":"106","author":"K Suy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suy K, Morias K, Cammu G, Hans P, van Duijnhoven WG, Heeringa M, et al. Effective reversal of moderate rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block with sugammadex, a selective relaxant binding agent. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(2):283\u20138.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3581_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.01.016","volume":"124","author":"BM Togioka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Togioka BM, Yanez D, Aziz MF, Higgins JR, Tekkali P, Treggiari MM. Randomised controlled trial of sugammadex or neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular block on the incidence of pulmonary complications in older adults undergoing prolonged surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(5):553\u201361.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"3581_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004578","volume":"139","author":"TA Bowdle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bowdle TA, Haththotuwegama KJ, Jelacic S, Nguyen ST, Togashi K, Michaelsen KE. A dose-finding study of sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium in cardiac surgery patients and postoperative monitoring for recurrent paralysis. Anesthesiology. 2023;139:6\u201315.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3581_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer495","volume":"108","author":"AA Dahaba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dahaba AA, Bornemann H, Hopfgartner E, Ohran M, Kocher K, Liebmann M, et al. Effect of sugammadex or neostigmine neuromuscular block reversal on bispectral index monitoring of propofol\/remifentanil anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(4):602\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"3581_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1204000219","volume":"40","author":"T Ledowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ledowski T, Hillyard S, Kozman A, Johnston F, Gillies E, Greenaway M, et al. Unrestricted access to sugammadex: impact on neuromuscular blocking agent choice, reversal practice and associated healthcare costs. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2012;40(2):340\u20133.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"3581_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003735","volume":"134","author":"G Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li G, Freundlich RE, Gupta RK, Hayhurst CJ, Le CH, Martin BJ, et al. Postoperative pulmonary complications\u2019 association with Sugammadex versus Neostigmine: a retrospective registry analysis. Anesthesiology. 2021;134(6):862\u201373.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3581_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004379","volume":"138","author":"SR Thilen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thilen SR, Weigel WA, Todd MM, Dutton RP, Lien CA, Grant SA, et al. 2023 American society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for monitoring and antagonism of neuromuscular blockade: a report by the american society of anesthesiologists task force on neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiology. 2023;138(1):13\u201341.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3581_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000005051","volume":"141","author":"Z Wedemeyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wedemeyer Z, Michaelsen KE, Jelacic S, Silliman W, Lopez A, Togashi K, et al. Accuracy and precision of three acceleromyographs, three electromyographs, and a mechanomyograph measuring the train-of-four ratio in the absence of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Anesthesiology. 2024;141(2):262\u201371.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3581_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31818a9932","volume":"108","author":"PF White","year":"2009","unstructured":"White PF, Tufanogullari B, Sacan O, Pavlin EG, Viegas OJ, Minkowitz HS, et al. The effect of residual neuromuscular blockade on the speed of reversal with sugammadex. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(3):846\u201351.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"3581_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.110027","volume":"67","author":"WE Hurford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hurford WE, Welge JA, Eckman MH. Sugammadex versus neostigmine for routine reversal of rocuronium block in adult patients: a cost analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2020;67:110027.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03581-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03581-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03581-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:23:00Z","timestamp":1770834180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03581-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-025-03581-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Comit\u00e9 d'\u00e9thique de la recherche (C\u00c9R) du CIUSSS de l\u2019Est-de-l\u2019\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al (Reference number: 2023\u20133091) and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study. Patients who met the inclusion criteria of our study were approached by a research assistant who described the study in detail and explained its risks and benefits. The patients were assured of the confidentiality of the data and were told they could withdraw from the study at any time. They were also assured that not participating, or withdrawing after giving consent, would not affect the quality of care provided.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"113"}}