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Additionally, we compared sympathetic blockade-related hemodynamic effects, sensory blockade distribution, and analgesic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight female patients aged 18\u201370 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I\u2013III, were included in the study. The patients were divided into Group E (those who received general anesthesia after the ESPB) and Group T (those who received general anesthesia after TEA). The extent of sympathetic blockade (via the hot-cold test) and skin conductance (GSR) were recorded as the co-primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes included skin temperature, perioperative hemodynamic data, sensory block extent, postoperative pain scores, and analgesic consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regarding the co-primary outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the hot-cold test or GSR values. In terms of secondary outcomes, although the rate of skin temperature change differed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028), both groups showed significant warming. Hemodynamic data were comparable. However, ESPB produced a wider ipsilateral sensory block than TEA. The postoperative pain scores, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) demand, and rescue analgesic consumption were not statistically significantly different between the two groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ESPB demonstrated similar sympathetic blockade efficacy to TEA. Additionally, it produced similar hemodynamic effects and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing unilateral mastectomy due to malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04702061, Date of registration: 24\/12\/2020,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04702061\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04702061<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-026-03694-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:44:35Z","timestamp":1771047875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of sympathetic block and hemodynamic effects of erector spinae plane block and thoracic epidural analgesia in breast surgery: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gizem","family":"Kurada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclay","family":"Erdo\u011fan Kayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"\u015eanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meryem","family":"Onay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Sacit","family":"G\u00fcle\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw172","volume":"18","author":"GS Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng GS, Ilfeld BM. 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