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Patients were categorized into the dexamethasone group and no dexamethasone group. We conducted propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability weighting (IPTW) and adjusted for propensity score. Our endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also performed exploratory analyses in subgroups to assess the association between hepatic arterial dexamethasone and survival outcomes in pre-specified subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatic arterial dexamethasone was correlated with a favorable long-term survival in unadjusted and multivariate analysis. IPTW showed patients receiving hepatic arterial dexamethasone had prolonged PFS (HR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95%CI 0.49\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024) and OS (HR\u2009=\u20090.72, 95%CI 0.52-1.00,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047). Similar trends were observed in PSM and another propensity score analysis. Survival benefit of hepatic arterial dexamethasone remained in the subgroup undergoing platinum-based TACE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatic arterial dexamethasone might be associated with better long-term survival in HCC patients undergoing TACE. This study highlights the clinical significance of hepatic arterial dexamethasone in HCC patients undergoing TACE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-026-04054-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:06:48Z","timestamp":1782385608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of hepatic arterial dexamethasone administration on long-term survival among hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A. 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