{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T20:39:28Z","timestamp":1769114368470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477612800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"N\/A"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0381-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T04:06:08Z","timestamp":1477627568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Sphinx\u2019s riddle: cardiovascular involvement in autoimmune rheumatic disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Mavrogeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Markousis-Mavrogenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genovefa","family":"Kolovou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.158","volume":"217","author":"SI Mavrogeni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mavrogeni SI, Kitas GD, Dimitroulas T, Sfikakis PP, Seo P, Gabriel S, Patel AR, Gargani L, Bombardieri S, Matucci-Cerinic M, Lombardi M, Pepe A, Aletras AH, Kolovou G, Miszalski T, van Riel P, Semb A, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Dessein P, Karpouzas G, Puntmann V, Nagel E, Bratis K, Karabela G, Stavropoulos E, Katsifis G, Koutsogeorgopoulou L, van Rossum A, Rademakers F, Pohost G, Lima JA. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in rheumatology: Current status and recommendations for use. Int J Cardiol. 2016;217:135\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"381_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24092","volume":"59","author":"JA Avi\u00f1a-Zubieta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Avi\u00f1a-Zubieta JA, Choi HK, Sadatsafavi M, Etminan M, Esdaile JM, Lacaille D. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:1690\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0092","volume":"2","author":"Y Sherer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y. Mechanisms of disease: atherosclerosis in autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006;2:99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"381_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.142133","volume":"70","author":"GD Kitas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kitas GD, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:8\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"381_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.013","volume":"12","author":"I Hollan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hollan I, Meroni PL, Ahearn JM, Cohen Tervaert JW, Curran S, Goodyear CS, Hestad KA, Kahaleh B, Riggio M, Shields K, Wasko MC. Cardiovascular disease in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12(10):1004\u201315.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"381_CR6","first-page":"713","volume":"31","author":"L Bj\u00f6rn\u00e5dal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rn\u00e5dal L, Yin L, Granath F, Klareskog L, Ekbom A. Cardiovascular disease a hazard despite improved prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a Swedish population based study 1964-95. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(4):713\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"381_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.75","volume":"7","author":"DP Symmons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Symmons DP, Gabriel SE. Epidemiology of CVD in rheumatic disease, with a focus on RA and SLE. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7(7):399\u2013408.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"381_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.09.005","volume":"20","author":"C Tanasescu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanasescu C, Jurcut C, Jurcut R, Ginghina C. Vascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: from subclinical lesions to cardiovascular risk. Eur J Intern Med. 2009;20:348\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med."},{"key":"381_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20878","volume":"14","author":"H Maradit-Kremers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maradit-Kremers H, Nicola PJ, Crowson CS, Ballman KV, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;14:722\u201332.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"381_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.050377","volume":"65","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon DH, Goodson NJ, Katz JN, et al. Patterns of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1608\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"381_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.07.004","volume":"41","author":"CP Chung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chung CP, Giles JT, Petri M, Szklo M, Post W, Blumenthal RS, Gelber AC, Ouyang P, Jenny NS, Bathon JM. Prevalence of traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with control subjects from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(4):535\u201344.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"381_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2331::AID-ART395>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"44","author":"JM Esdaile","year":"2001","unstructured":"Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, Grodzicky T, Li Y, Panaritis C, du Berger R, C\u00f4te R, Grover SA, Fortin PR, Clarke AE, Sen\u00e9cal JL. Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(10):2331\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arts EE, Popa C, Den Broeder AA, Semb AG, Toms T, Kitas GD, van Riel PL, Fransen J. Performance of four current risk algorithms in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014. doi: 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204024","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204024"},{"key":"381_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.12.006","volume":"5","author":"A Abou-Raya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abou-Raya A, Abou-Raya S. Inflammation: a pivotal link between autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2006;5:331\u20137.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 1","key":"381_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.06.014","volume":"121","author":"P Libby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Libby P. Role of inflammation in atherosclerosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 2008;121(10 Suppl 1):S21\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"381_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker275","volume":"50","author":"A Sandoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sandoo A, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJ, Metsios GS, Carroll D, Kitas GD. Vascular function and morphology in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(11):2125\u201339.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"381_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1416-3","volume":"30","author":"VF Azevedo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Azevedo VF, Pecoits-Filho R. Atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30:1411\u20136.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"381_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.09.001","volume":"36","author":"O Kimhi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kimhi O, Caspi D, Bornstein NM, Maharshak N, Gur A, Arbel Y, Comaneshter D, Paran D, Wigler I, Levartovsky D, Berliner S, Elkayam O. Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007;36(4):203\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"381_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.12.002","volume":"43","author":"SR Schoenfeld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schoenfeld SR, Kasturi S, Costenbader KH. The epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with SLE: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;43(1):77\u201395.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djokovic A, Stojanovich L, Stanisavljevic N, Bisenic V, Radovanovic S, Soldatovic I, Simic DV. Does the presence of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematodes accelerate carotid arteries intima-media thickness changes? Rheumatol Int. 2014;34(3):321-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2903-0"},{"key":"381_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2012.12.004","volume":"27","author":"JW Cohen Tervaert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen Tervaert JW. Cardiovascular disease due to accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic vasculitides. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2013;27:33\u201344.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"381_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.145839","volume":"70","author":"MT Nurmohamed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nurmohamed MT, Kitas G. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes: how does it compare and when does it start? Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(6):881\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"381_CR23","first-page":"937","volume":"34","author":"MC Aubry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aubry MC, Maradit-Kremers H, Reinalda MS, Crowson CS, Edwards WD, Gabriel SE. Differences in atherosclerotic coronary heart disease between subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:937\u201342.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"381_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-060911-090007","volume":"64","author":"JM Kahlenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Mechanisms of premature atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Annu Rev Med. 2013;64:249\u201363.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med."},{"key":"381_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22924","volume":"56","author":"MJ Roman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roman MJ, Crow MK, Lockshin MD, Devereux RB, Paget SA, Sammaritano L, Levine DM, Davis A, Salmon JE. Rate and determinants of progression of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:3412\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-09-3198","volume":"103","author":"S Rajagopalan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rajagopalan S, Somers EC, Brook RD, Kehrer C, Pfenninger D, Lewis E, Chakrabarti A, Richardson BC, Shelden E, McCune WJ, Kaplan MJ. Endothelial cell apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a common pathway for abnormal vascular function and thrombosis propensity. Blood. 2004;103:3677\u201383.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"381_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp205","volume":"30","author":"A Recio-Mayoral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Recio-Mayoral A, Mason JC, Kaski JC, Rubens MB, Harari OA, Camici PG. Chronic infl ammation and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients without risk factors for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1837\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"381_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2010.09.019","volume":"4","author":"ML Ishimori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ishimori ML, Martin R, Berman DS, Goykhman P, Shaw LJ, Shufelt C, Slomka PJ, Thomson LE, Schapira J, Yang Y, Wallace DJ, Weisman MH, Bairey Merz CN. Myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"381_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000136807.78534.50","volume":"110","author":"M El-Magadmi","year":"2004","unstructured":"El-Magadmi M, Bodill H, Ahmad Y, Durrington PN, Mackness M, Walker M, Bernstein RM, Bruce IN. Systemic lupus erythematosus: an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in women. Circulation. 2004;110:399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"381_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090665","volume":"37","author":"C Roldan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roldan C, Joson J, Sharrar J, Qualls C, Sibbitt W. Premature aortic atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a controlled transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:71\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"381_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199901)42:1<51::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"42","author":"S Manzi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Manzi S, Selzer F, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Fitzgerald SG, Rairie JE, Tracy RP, Kuller LH. Prevalence and risk factors of carotid plaque in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:51\u201360.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090824","volume":"37","author":"AN Kiani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kiani AN, Vogel-Claussen J, Magder LS, Petri M. Noncalcified coronary plaque in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:579\u201384.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"381_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.673319","volume":"116","author":"J Pieretti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pieretti J, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Lockshin MD, Crow MK, Paget SA, Schwartz JE, Sammaritano L, Levine DM, Salmon JE. Systemic lupus erythematosus predicts increased left ventricular mass. Circulation. 2007;116:419\u201326.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"381_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1033::AID-ANR11>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"43","author":"EF Borba","year":"2000","unstructured":"Borba EF, Bonf E, Vinagre CG, Ramires JA, Maranho RC. Chylomicron metabolism is markedly altered in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1033\u201340.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24677","volume":"60","author":"M McMahon","year":"2009","unstructured":"McMahon M, Grossman J, Skaggs B, Fitzgerald J, Sahakian L, Ragavendra N, Charles-Schoeman C, Watson K, Wong WK, Volkmann E, Chen W, Gorn A, Karpouzas G, Weisman M, Wallace DJ, Hahn BH. Dysfunctional proinflammatory high-density lipoproteins confer increased risk of atherosclerosis in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:2428\u201337.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"381_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.005","volume":"12","author":"S Mavrogeni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mavrogeni S, Dimitroulas T, Kitas GD. Multimodality imaging and the emerging role of cardiac magnetic resonance in autoimmune myocarditis. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;12(2):305\u201312.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"381_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr052","volume":"13","author":"S Mavrogeni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mavrogeni S, Spargias C, Bratis C, Kolovou G, Markussis V, Papadopoulou E, et al. Myocarditis as a precipitating factor for heart failure: evaluation and 1-year follow-up using cardiovascular magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:830\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"381_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mackie SL, Dasgupta B. Vasculitis syndromes: Dealing with increased vascular risk and mortality in GCA. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014. doi: 10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.38","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.38"},{"issue":"3","key":"381_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.04.116","volume":"168","author":"S Mavrogeni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mavrogeni S, Sfikakis PP, Gialafos E, Karabela G, Stavropoulos E, Sfendouraki E, Panopoulos S, Kolovou G, Kitas GD. Diffuse, subendocardial vasculitis. A new entity identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and its clinical implications. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(3):2971\u20132.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"381_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314534307","volume":"23","author":"MC Amigo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amigo MC. What do we know about the cardiac valve lesion in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? Lupus. 2014;23(12):1259\u201361.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"1","key":"381_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951112001023","volume":"23","author":"J Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma J, Lasic Z, Bornstein A, Cooper R, Chen J. Libman-Sacks endocarditis as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in an adolescent, with a review of the literature. Cardiol Young. 2013;23(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"7","key":"381_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2012-012","volume":"23","author":"JM Tarkin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tarkin JM, Hadjiloizou N, Savage HO, Prasad SK, Sheppard MN, Moat NE, Kaddoura S. Severe cardiac failure due to rapidly progressive rheumatoid arthritis-associated valvulopathy. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012;23(7):e1\u20133.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"issue":"8","key":"381_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.083071","volume":"126","author":"S Aziz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aziz S, Sohail M, Murphy G. Acute aortic regurgitation due to necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the aortic valve in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2012;126(8):e106\u20137.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"381_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22979","volume":"56","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Maradit Kremers H, Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, Davis 3rd JM, Therneau TM, Roger VL, Gabriel SE. The widening mortality gap between rheumatoid arthritis patients and the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(11):3583\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"381_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2013.10.003","volume":"10","author":"K Wright","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wright K, Crowson CS, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic diseases: a focus on heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2014;10(2):339\u201352.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"381_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20855","volume":"52","author":"PJ Nicola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nicola PJ, Maradit-Kremers H, Roger VL, Jacobsen SJ, Crowson CS, Ballman KV, Gabriel SE. The risk of congestive heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study over 46\u00a0years. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(2):412\u201320.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"381_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-002-0677-y","volume":"22","author":"M Alpaslan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alpaslan M, Onrat E, Evcik D. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2003;22(2):84\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"381_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1494-3","volume":"29","author":"T Dimitroulas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dimitroulas T, Giannakoulas G, Papadopoulou K, Sfetsios T, Karvounis H, Dimitroula H, Parcharidou D, Koliakos G, Garyfallos A, Styliadis I, Settas L. Left atrial volume and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide are associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29(9):957\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"381_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090043","volume":"37","author":"SJ Buss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buss SJ, Wolf D, Korosoglou G, et al. Myocardial left ventricular dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights from tissue Doppler and strain imaging. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(1):79\u201386.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"381_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R258","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4103","volume":"14","author":"A Sandoo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sandoo A, Protogerou AD, Hodson J, Smith JP, Zampeli E, Sfikakis PP, Kitas GD. The role of inflammation, the autonomic nervous system and classical cardiovascular disease risk factors on subendocardial viability ratio in patients with RA: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(6):R258.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"381_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990555","volume":"20","author":"T Dimitroulas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dimitroulas T, Giannakoulas G, Karvounis H, Garyfallos A, Settas L, Kitas GD. Micro- and macrovascular treatment targets in scleroderma heart disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(4):536\u201344.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"381_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.12.039","volume":"159","author":"S Mavrogeni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mavrogeni S, Bratis K, van Wijk K, Stavropoulos E, Hautemann D, Reiber JH, Kolovou G. Myocardial perfusion-fibrosis pattern in systemic sclerosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance. Int J Cardiol. 2012;159(3):e56\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"381_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090931","volume":"37","author":"T Dimitroulas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dimitroulas T, Giannakoulas G, Papadopoulou K, Karvounis H, Dimitroula H, Koliakos G, et al. Early detection of cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis assessed by tissue-Doppler echocardiography: relationship with neurohormonal activation and endothelial dysfunction. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:993\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"381_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066068","volume":"66","author":"VD Steen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steen VD, Medsger TA. Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972-2002. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(7):940\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"381_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799504704","volume":"18","author":"T Dimitroulas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dimitroulas T, Giannakoulas G, Karvounis H, Settas L, Kitas GD. Systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary hypertension: unique characteristics and future treatment targets. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(11):1457\u201364.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"381_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardos-Gea J, Avegliano G, Evangelista A, Vilardell M, Ordi-Ros J. Cardiac manifestations other than valvulopathy in antiphospholipid syndrome: long-time echocardiography follow-up study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2013;18(1):76-83.","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12191"},{"key":"381_CR57","first-page":"710401","volume":"2014","author":"S Kobak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kobak S, Kalkan S, Kirilmaz B, Orman M, Ercan E. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome. Autoimmune Dis. 2014;2014:710401.","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis."},{"key":"381_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.004","volume":"41","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chatterjee S. Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41:19\u201337.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"381_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00150-2","volume":"30","author":"RJ Gibbons","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Beasley JW, et al. ACC\/AHA guidelines for exercise testing. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:260\u2013311.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"381_CR60","first-page":"30016","volume":"S0022-0736","author":"M Lazzari De","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Lazzari M, Zorzi A, Baritussio A, Siciliano M, Migliore F, Susana A, Giorgi B, Lacognata C, Iliceto S, Perazzolo Marra M, Corrado D. Relationship between T-wave inversion and transmural myocardial edema as evidenced by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis: clinical and prognostic implications. J Electrocardiol. 2016;S0022-0736(16):30016\u20134.","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"381_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.001193","volume":"7","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ikonomidis I, Tzortzis S, Andreadou I, Paraskevaidis I, Katseli C, Katsimbri P, Pavlidis G, Parissis J, Kremastinos D, Anastasiou-Nana M, Lekakis J. Increased benefit of interleukin-1 inhibition on vascular function, myocardial deformation, and twisting in patients with coronary artery disease and coexisting rheumatoid arthritis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(4):619\u201328.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"381_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1160\/TH11-02-0117","volume":"106","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ikonomidis I, Tzortzis S, Lekakis J, Paraskevaidis I, Dasou P, Parissis J, Nikolaou M, Markantonis SL, Katsimbri P, Skarantavos G, Andreadou I, Anastasiou-Nana M. Association of soluble apoptotic markers with impaired left ventricular deformation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of inhibition of interleukin-1 activity by anakinra. Thromb Haemost. 2011;106(5):959\u201367.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"18","key":"381_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.168971","volume":"95","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ikonomidis I, Tzortzis S, Lekakis J, Paraskevaidis I, Andreadou I, Nikolaou M, Kaplanoglou T, Katsimbri P, Skarantavos G, Soucacos P, Kremastinos DT. Lowering interleukin-1 activity with anakinra improves myocardial deformation in rheumatoid arthritis. Heart. 2009;95(18):1502\u20137.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"20","key":"381_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.731877","volume":"117","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ikonomidis I, Lekakis JP, Nikolaou M, Paraskevaidis I, Andreadou I, Kaplanoglou T, Katsimbri P, Skarantavos G, Soucacos PN, Kremastinos DT. Inhibition of interleukin-1 by anakinra improves vascular and left ventricular function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2008;117(20):2662\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"381_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.09.001","volume":"29","author":"K Kakuta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kakuta K, Dohi K, Sato Y, Yamanaka T, Kawamura M, Ogura T, Nakamori S, Fujimoto N, Fujii E, Yamada N, Ito M. Chronic inflammatory disease is an independent risk factor for coronary flow velocity reserve impairment unrelated to the processes of coronary artery calcium deposition. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29(2):173\u201380.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"6","key":"381_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22702","volume":"56","author":"K Hirata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hirata K, Kadirvelu A, Kinjo M, Sciacca R, Sugioka K, Otsuka R, Choy A, Chow SK, Yoshiyama M, Yoshikawa J, Homma S, Lang CC. Altered coronary vasomotor function in young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):1904\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"381_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jen175","volume":"9","author":"R Sicari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Evangelista A, Kasprzak J, Lancellotti P, Poldermans D, Voigt JU, Zamorano JL, European Association of Echocardiography. Stress echocardiography expert consensus statement: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008;9(4):415\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"23","key":"381_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw018","volume":"37","author":"A Faccini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faccini A, Kaski JC, Camici PG. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in chronic inflammatory rheumatoid diseases. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(23):1799\u2013806.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"381_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.905","volume":"93","author":"R Hachamovitch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Kiat H, Cohen I, Cabico JA, Friedman J, Diamond GA. Exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients without known coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1996;93:905\u201314.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"381_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000071","volume":"129","author":"JP Greenwood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenwood JP, Motwani M, Maredia N, Brown JM, Everett CC, Nixon J, Bijsterveld P, Dickinson CJ, Ball SG, Plein S. Comparison of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography in women with suspected coronary artery disease from the ce-marc trial. Circulation. 2014;129(10):1129\u201338.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"381_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.12.040","volume":"59","author":"C Jaarsma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jaarsma C, Leiner T, Bekkers SC, Crijns HJ, Wildberger JE, Nagel E, Nelemans PJ, Schalla S. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(19):1719\u201328.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0381-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0381-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0381-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T02:18:08Z","timestamp":1498357088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0381-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0381-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"article-number":"204"}}