{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:30:56Z","timestamp":1791358256090,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0446-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T22:24:42Z","timestamp":1483741482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Gender differences in sudden cardiac death in the young-a nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bo Gregers","family":"Winkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarke","family":"Risgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Bjune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Jabbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Hadberg","family":"Lynge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Glinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Bundgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Hauns\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Tfelt-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4301.098254","volume":"104","author":"Z-J Zheng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zheng Z-J, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA. Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation. 2001;104(18):2158\u201363.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007149","volume":"129","author":"JJ Goldberger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldberger JJ, Basu A, Boineau R, Buxton AE, Cain ME, Canty Jr JM, et al. Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death: a plan for the future. Circulation. 2014;129(4):516\u201326.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.06.029","volume":"44","author":"SS Chugh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chugh SS, Jui J, Gunson K, Stecker EC, John BT, Thompson B, et al. Current burden of sudden cardiac death: multiple source surveillance versus retrospective death certificate-based review in a large U.S. community. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(6):1268\u201375.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023838","volume":"125","author":"R Deo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deo R, Albert CM. Epidemiology and genetics of sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 2012;125(4):620\u201337.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31828124ad","volume":"127","author":"AS Go","year":"2013","unstructured":"Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127(1):e6.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.010","volume":"48","author":"DP Zipes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, Buxton AE, Chaitman B, Fromer M, et al. ACC\/AHA\/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(5):e247\u2013346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(99)00155-0","volume":"44","author":"M Holmberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J. Incidence, duration and survival of ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Resuscitation. 2000;44(1):7\u201317.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1053\/hj.1998.v136.90226","volume":"136","author":"WB Kannel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Wilson PW, D\u2019Agostino RB, Cobb J. Sudden coronary death in women. Am Heart J. 1998;136(2):205\u201312.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113960","volume":"120","author":"A Schatzkin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schatzkin A, Cupples LA, Heeren T, Morelock S, Kannel WB. Sudden death in the framingham heart study differences in incidence and risk factors by sex and coronary disease status. Am J Epidemiol. 1984;120(6):888\u201399.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.038","volume":"54","author":"SS Chugh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chugh SS, Uy-Evanado A, Teodorescu C, Reinier K, Mariani R, Gunson K, et al. Women have a lower prevalence of structural heart disease as a precursor to sudden cardiac arrest: The Ore-SUDS (Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(22):2006\u201311.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.6.1170","volume":"93","author":"CM Albert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Albert CM, McGovern BA, Newell JB, Ruskin JN. Sex differences in cardiac arrest survivors. Circulation. 1996;93(6):1170\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0904-y","volume":"19","author":"V Karlsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karlsson V, Dankiewicz J, Nielsen N, Kern KB, Mooney MR, Riker RR, et al. Association of gender to outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-a report from the International Cardiac Arrest Registry. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):182.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"18","key":"446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411013111802","volume":"311","author":"WB Kannel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Abbott RD. Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: an update on the Framingham study. N Engl J Med. 1984;311(18):1144\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"446_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00010","volume":"135","author":"SE Sheifer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sheifer SE, Manolio TA, Gersh BJ. Unrecognized myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135(9):801\u201311.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"446_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.054","volume":"57","author":"A Bardai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bardai A, Berdowski J, van der Werf C, Blom MT, Ceelen M, van Langen IM, et al. Incidence, causes, and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. A comprehensive, prospective, population-based study in the Netherlands. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(18):1822\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"446_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur161","volume":"13","author":"R Margey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Margey R, Roy A, Tobin S, O\u2019Keane CJ, McGorrian C, Morris V, et al. Sudden cardiac death in 14- to 35-year olds in Ireland from 2005 to 2007: a retrospective registry. Europace. 2011;13(10):1411\u20138.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32832d555b","volume":"16","author":"I Vaartjes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vaartjes I, Hendrix A, Hertogh EM, Grobbee DE, Doevendans PA, Mosterd A, et al. Sudden death in persons younger than 40\u00a0years of age: incidence and causes. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16(5):592\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"13","key":"446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht509","volume":"35","author":"BG Winkel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winkel BG, Risgaard B, Sadjadieh G, Bundgaard H, Haunso S, Tfelt-Hansen J. Sudden cardiac death in children (1\u201318 years): symptoms and causes of death in a nationwide setting. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(13):868\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001421","volume":"7","author":"B Risgaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Behr ER, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL, et al. Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49\u00a0years: nationwide study in Denmark. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7(2):205\u201311.","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq428","volume":"32","author":"BG Winkel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Winkel BG, Holst AG, Theilade J, Kristensen IB, Thomsen JL, Ottesen GL, et al. Nationwide study of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1\u201335 years. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(8):983\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"16","key":"446_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065223.21530.11","volume":"107","author":"CM Albert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albert CM, Chae CU, Grodstein F, Rose LM, Rexrode KM, Ruskin JN, et al. Prospective study of sudden cardiac death among women in the United States. Circulation. 2003;107(16):2096\u2013101.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"446_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.09.008","volume":"2","author":"R Puranik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Puranik R, Chow CK, Duflou JA, Kilborn MJ, McGuire MA. Sudden death in the young. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(12):1277\u201382.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"13","key":"446_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90251-F","volume":"68","author":"Y Drory","year":"1991","unstructured":"Drory Y, Turetz Y, Hiss Y, Lev B, Fisman EZ, Pines A, et al. Sudden unexpected death in persons less than 40\u00a0years of age. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68(13):1388\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.853143","volume":"120","author":"AD Krahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krahn AD, Healey JS, Chauhan V, Birnie DH, Simpson CS, Champagne J, et al. Systematic Assessment of Patients With Unexplained Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry (CASPER). Circulation. 2009;120(4):278\u201385.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"446_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811401482","volume":"39","author":"E Lynge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lynge E, Sandegaard JL, Rebolj M. The Danish National Patient Register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):30\u20133.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"446_CR26","unstructured":"Statistics Denmark, Danmarks Statistik. Available from: http:\/\/www.dst.dk\/en.aspx . Accessed 5 Dec 2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200204001-00002","volume":"30","author":"JG Wigginton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wigginton JG, Pepe PE, Bedolla JP, DeTamble LA, Atkins JM. Sex-related differences in the presentation and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: a multiyear, prospective, population-based study. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(4):S131\u20136.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2003.09.012","volume":"60","author":"J Herlitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herlitz J, Engdahl J, Svensson L, Young M, Angquist KA, Holmberg S. Is female sex associated with increased survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Resuscitation. 2004;60(2):197\u2013203.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"446_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.06.008","volume":"85","author":"M Wissenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wissenberg M, Hansen CM, Folke F, Lippert FK, Weeke P, Karlsson L, et al. Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to sex: a nationwide registry-based study. Resuscitation. 2014;85(9):1212\u20138.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"446_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.05.026","volume":"11","author":"B Risgaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Glinge C, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL, et al. Sports-related sudden cardiac death in a competitive and a noncompetitive athlete population aged 12 to 49\u00a0years: data from an unselected nationwide study in Denmark. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(10):1673\u201381.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"10","key":"446_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.05.021","volume":"7","author":"AG Holst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holst AG, Winkel BG, Theilade J, Kristensen IB, Thomsen JL, Ottesen GL, et al. Incidence and etiology of sports-related sudden cardiac death in Denmark-implications for preparticipation screening. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7(10):1365\u201371.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"2","key":"446_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0602-5","volume":"126","author":"BG Winkel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Winkel BG, Holst AG, Theilade J, Kristensen IB, Thomsen JL, Hougen HP, et al. Differences in investigations of sudden unexpected deaths in young people in a nationwide setting. Int J Legal Med. 2012;126(2):223\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"446_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00323-5","volume":"146","author":"SS Chugh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chugh SS, Chung K, Zheng Z-J, John B, Titus JL. Cardiac pathologic findings reveal a high rate of sudden cardiac death of undetermined etiology in younger women. Am Heart J. 2003;146(4):635\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"446_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.05.014","volume":"10","author":"SG Priori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M, Cho Y, Behr ER, Berul C, et al. HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes: document endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(12):1932\u201363.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"23","key":"446_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402306","volume":"340","author":"ME Mendelsohn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. The Protective Effects of Estrogen on the Cardiovascular System. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(23):1801\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.1.252","volume":"95","author":"E Barrett-Connor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barrett-Connor E. Sex differences in coronary heart disease Why are women so superior? The 1995 Ancel Keys Lecture. Circulation. 1997;95(1):252\u201364.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"446_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.6.1102","volume":"75","author":"TL Bush","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bush TL, Barrett-Connor E, Cowan LD, Criqui MH, Wallace RB, Suchindran C, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. Circulation. 1987;75(6):1102\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"446_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251102","volume":"325","author":"MJ Stampfer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease: ten-year follow-up from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(11):756\u201362.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-199409000-00018","volume":"9","author":"ME Mendelsohn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. Estrogen and the blood vessel wall. Curr Opin Cardiol. 1994;9(5):619\u201326.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"446_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.5.8621060","volume":"10","author":"M Farhat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Farhat M, Lavigne M, Ramwell P. The vascular protective effects of estrogen. FASEB J. 1996;10(5):615\u201324.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"446_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.020","volume":"161","author":"L Fontana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fontana L, Partridge L. Promoting health and longevity through diet: from model organisms to humans. Cell. 2015;161(1):106\u201318.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"446_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.06.036","volume":"22","author":"K-J Min","year":"2012","unstructured":"Min K-J, Lee C-K, Park H-N. The lifespan of Korean eunuchs. Curr Biol. 2012;22(18):R792\u20133.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0446-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T03:26:03Z","timestamp":1568690763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0446-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0446-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]]},"article-number":"19"}}