{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:13:01Z","timestamp":1772165581298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Funding of Tianjin Chest Hospital","award":["2018-XKC09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-XKC09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The optimal dosage for cryoablation of atrial fibrillation (Cryo-AF) is still unknown. To evaluate the efficacy of an individualized freeze duration, we compared the clinical outcome of patients treated with a time-to-pulmonary vein isolation (TT-PVI) or temperature-guided ablation protocol to the outcome of patients treated with a conventional ablation protocol.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 164 consecutive patients were included in the study. One method employed was a conventional dosing protocol (at least 2 applications of 180\u2009s each) (the Cryo-AF\n Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n group\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200984), and the second method had a shorter protocol that was based on the TT-PVI or achievement of \u2212\u200940\u2009\u00b0C within 60\u2009s (the Cryo-AF\n Dosing<\/jats:sub>\n group\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200980)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We treated 656 pulmonary veins (PVs) with 1420 cryotherapy applications. The mean number of applications per patient was 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8, with no difference between groups (Cryo-AF\n Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n , 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 versus Cryo-AF\n Dosing<\/jats:sub>\n ,8.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.359). The Cryo-AF\n Dosing<\/jats:sub>\n group required significantly less total cryotherapy application time (990.60\u2009\u00b1\u2009137.77versus 1501.58\u2009\u00b1\u200989.60\u2009s;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and left atrial dwell time (69.91\u2009\u00b1\u20096.91 versus 86.48\u2009\u00b1\u20097.03\u2009min;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) than the Cryo-AF\n Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n group. Additionally, the Cryo-AF\n Dosing<\/jats:sub>\n group required significantly less total procedure time (95.03\u2009\u00b1\u20096.50 versus 112.43\u2009\u00b1\u20097.11\u2009min;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). We observed acute ATP-induced or spontaneous vein electric reconnections in 13 veins (1.98%) after 20\u2009min. The reconnection rates between the Cryo-AF\n Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n and Cryo-AF\n Dosing<\/jats:sub>\n groups were similar in that 2.98 and 0.94% of the initially isolated veins were reconnected, respectively, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.061). There was no difference in the recurrence rate of free atrial arrhythmia after a 1-year follow-up, which were 78.75% in the Cryo-AF\n Dosing<\/jats:sub>\n group versus 78.57% in the Cryo-AF\n Conventional<\/jats:sub>\n group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.978).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A novel Cryo-AF dosing protocol guided by temperature or the TT-PVI can be used to individualize an ablation strategy. This new protocol can lead to a significant reduction in duration of the procedure, the cryoenergy dosage and the left atrial dwell time. The procedure had equal safety and similar acute and 1-year follow-up outcomes compared to the conventional approach.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-01295-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T08:02:48Z","timestamp":1576569768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A novel individualized strategy for cryoballoon catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peigen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0763-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aijuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"1295_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.064","volume":"61","author":"DL Packer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Packer DL, Kowal RC, Wheelan KR, et al. 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