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The conductance catheter-derived pressure-volume loop area reflects left ventricular stroke work (LV SW). Dividing LV SW by time, a measure of LV SW min<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> is obtained sharing the same unit as CPO (W). We aimed to validate CPO as a marker of LV SW min<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> under various inotropic states.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed data obtained from experimental studies of the hemodynamic impact of mild hypothermia and hyperthermia on acute heart failure. Fifty-nine anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated closed-chest Landrace pigs (68\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009kg) were instrumented with Swan-Ganz and LV pressure-volume catheters. Data were obtained at body temperatures of 33.0\u2009\u00b0C, 38.0\u2009\u00b0C and 40.5\u2009\u00b0C; before and after: resuscitation, myocardial infarction, endotoxemia, sevoflurane-induced myocardial depression and beta-adrenergic stimulation. We plotted LVSW min<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> against CPO by linear regression analysis, as well as against the following classical indices of LV function and work: LV ejection fraction (LV EF), rate-pressure product (RPP), triple product (TP), LV maximum pressure (LVP<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) and maximal rate of rise of LVP (LV dP\/dt<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CPO showed the best correlation with LV SW min<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.89; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) while LV EF did not correlate at all (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.259). Further parameters correlated moderately with LV SW min<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> (LVP<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.47, RPP <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.67; and TP <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.54). LV dP\/dt<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> correlated worst with LV SW min<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.28).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CPO reflects external cardiac work over a wide range of inotropic states. These data further support the use of CPO to monitor inotropic interventions in the ICU.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-1212-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T11:15:03Z","timestamp":1571138103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cardiac power output accurately reflects external cardiac work over a wide range of inotropic states in pigs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dawud","family":"Abawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Faragli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwarzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Manninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zweiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Patrik","family":"Kresoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Verderber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Zirngast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Maechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Steendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkert","family":"Pieske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5988-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Alogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1212_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31822c94a8","volume":"113","author":"NM Schwann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwann NM, Hillel Z, Hoeft A, Barash P, M\u00f6hnle P, Miao Y, et al. 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The experimental protocols were approved by the local bioethics committee of Vienna, Austria (Austrian Committee for Animal Trials, in German \u201cTierversuchskommission\u201d, BMWF-66.010\/0091-II\/3b\/2013, BMWF-66.010\/0033-II\/10b\/2008, BMWF-66.010\/0103-II\/10b\/2009, BMWF-66.010\/0108-II\/3b\/2010), and conforms to the \u201cEuropean Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes\u201d (Council of Europe No 123, Strasbourg 1985).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None of the authors reports a relationship with industry and other relevant entities \u2013 financial or otherwise \u2013 that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. The following authors report financial activities outside the submitted work: DA reports no conflict of interest. AF reports no conflict of interest. BP reports having received consultancy and lecture honoraria from Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Stealth Peptides and Vifor Pharma; and editor honoraria from the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. HP reports no conflict of interest. AA reports no conflict of interest. MM reports no conflict of interest. DZ reports no conflicts of interest. KPK reports having received lecture honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"217"}}