{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:06:11Z","timestamp":1774638371630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early recognition and risk stratification are crucial in cardiogenic shock (CS). A lower adherence to recommendations has been described in women with cardiovascular diseases. Little information exists about disparities in clinical picture, management and performance of risk stratification tools according to gender in patients with CS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the multicenter Red-Shock registry were used. All consecutive patients with CS were included. Both CardShock and IABP-SHOCK II risk scores were calculated. The primary end-point was in-hospital mortality. The discriminative ability of both scores according to gender was assessed by binary logistic regression, calculating<jats:italic>Receiver operating characteristic<\/jats:italic>(ROC) curves and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 793 patients were included, of whom 222 (28%) were female. Women were significantly older and had a lower proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and prior myocardial infarction. CS was less often related to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in women. The use of vasoactive drugs, renal replacement therapy, invasive ventilation, therapeutic hypothermia and mechanical circulatory support was similar between both groups. In-hospital mortality was 346\/793 (43.6%). Mortality was not significantly different according to gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.194).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Cardshock risk score showed a good ability for predicting in-hospital mortality both in man (AUC 0.69) and women (AUC 0.735). Likewise, the IABP-II successfully predicted in-hospital mortality in both groups (man: AUC 0.693; women: AUC 0.722).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant differences were observed regarding management and in-hospital mortality according to gender. Both the CardShock and IABP-II risk scores depicted a good ability for predicting mortality also in women with CS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01467-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T14:06:56Z","timestamp":1594735616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Clinical picture, management and risk stratification in patients with cardiogenic shock: does gender matter?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Collado-Lled\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Lla\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Rivas-Lasarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Noriega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oriol","family":"Alegre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Lid\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Viana-Tejedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Segovia-Cubero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Ariza-Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.260","volume":"17","author":"VP Harjola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harjola VP, Lassus J, Sionis A, K\u00f8ber L, Tarvasm\u00e4ki T, Spinar J, et al. Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17:501\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"1467_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410901","volume":"341","author":"JS Hochman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic SHOCK (SHOCK trial). N Engl J Med. 1999;341:625\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1467_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208410","volume":"367","author":"H Thiele","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, et al. Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (IABP-SHOCK II trial). N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1287\u201396.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1467_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht248","volume":"35","author":"K Werdan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Werdan K, Gielen S, Ebelt H, Hochman JS. Mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:156\u201367.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1467_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.02.027","volume":"69","author":"J P\u00f6ss","year":"2017","unstructured":"P\u00f6ss J, K\u00f6ster J, Fuernau G, Eitel I, de Waha S, Ouarrak T, et al. Risk stratification for patients in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:1913\u201320.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2017.6461","volume":"27","author":"L Abrahamyan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrahamyan L, Sahakyan Y, Wijeysundera HC, Krahn M, Rac VE. Gender differences in utilization of specialized heart failure clinics. J Women's Health (Larchmt). 2018;27:623\u20139.","journal-title":"J Women's Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"1467_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028981","volume":"136","author":"C Magnussen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Magnussen C, Niiranen TJ, Ojeda FM, Gianfagna F, Blankenberg S, Nj\u00f8lstad I, et al. Sex differences and similarities in atrial fibrillation epidemiology, risk factors, and mortality in community cohorts: results from the BiomarCaRE consortium (biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment in Europe). Circulation. 2017;136:1588\u201397.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1467_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0514","volume":"178","author":"E Cenko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cenko E, Yoon J, Kedev S, Stankovic G, Vasiljevic Z, Krljanac G, et al. Sex differences in outcomes after STEMI: effect modification by treatment strategy and age. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178:632\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1467_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.5957","volume":"26","author":"V Kanic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanic V, Vollrath M, Tapajner A, Sinkovic A. Sex-related 30-day and long-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. J Women's Health (Larchmt). 2017;26:374\u20139.","journal-title":"J Women's Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"1467_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007123","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007123","volume":"6","author":"OA Alabas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alabas OA, Gale CP, Hall M, Rutherford MJ, Szummer K, Lawesson SS, et al. Sex differences in treatments, relative survival, and excess mortality following acute myocardial infarction: National Cohort Study Using the SWEDEHEART registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e007123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.007123.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1467_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001995","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001995","volume":"4","author":"B Redfors","year":"2015","unstructured":"Redfors B, Anger\u00e5s O, R\u00e5munddal T, Petursson P, Haraldsson I, Dworeck C, et al. Trends in gender differences in cardiac care and outcome after acute myocardial infarction in Western Sweden: a report from the Swedish web system for enhancement of evidence-based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to recommended therapies (SWEDEHEART). J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4:e001995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.001995.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1467_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rivas-Lasarte M, Sans-Rosell\u00f3 J, Collado-Lled\u00f3 E, Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez V, Noriega FJ, Hern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez FJ, et al. External validation and comparison of the CardShock and IABP-SHOCK II risk scores in real-world cardiogenic shock patients. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2048872619895230 Ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872619895230"},{"key":"1467_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:837\u201345.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"1467_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp292","volume":"30","author":"JM Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng JM, den Uil CA, Hoeks SE, van der Ent M, Jewbali LS, van Domburg RT, et al. Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices vs. intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation for treatment of cardiogenic shock: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:2102\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1467_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.022","volume":"69","author":"DM Ouweneel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ouweneel DM, Eriksen E, Sjauw KD, van Dongen IM, Hirsch A, Packer EJ, et al. Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support versus intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:278\u201387.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2018.01.002","volume":"111","author":"MA Isorni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isorni MA, Aissaoui N, Angoulvant D, Bonello L, Lemesle G, Delmas C, et al. FAST-MI investigators. Temporal trends in clinical characteristics and management according to sex in patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction: the FAST-MI programme. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;111:555\u201363.","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"1467_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.11.023","volume":"121","author":"AN Mahmoud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahmoud AN, Elgendy IY. Gender impact on 30-day readmissions after hospitalization with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (from the 2013 to 2014 National Readmissions Database). Am J Cardiol. 2018;121:523\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/joic.12298","volume":"29","author":"SM Joseph","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joseph SM, Brisco MA, Colvin M, Grady KL, Walsh MN, Cook JL. genVAD working group. Women with cardiogenic shock derive greater benefit from early mechanical circulatory support: an update from the cVAD registry. J Interv Cardiol. 2016;29:248\u201356.","journal-title":"J Interv Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.04.038","volume":"112","author":"V Kunadian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kunadian V, Qiu W, Bawamia B, Veerasamy M, Jamieson S, Zaman A. Gender comparisons in cardiogenic shock during ST elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112:636\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.09.020","volume":"29","author":"HM Abdel-Qadir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdel-Qadir HM, Ivanov J, Austin PC, Tu JV, D\u017eav\u00edk V. Sex differences in the management and outcomes of Ontario patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:691\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3109\/17482941.2012.741245","volume":"14","author":"M Iantorno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iantorno M, Panza JA, Cook NL, Jacobs S, Ritchey MB, O'Callaghan K, et al. Gender- and race-based utilization and outcomes of pulmonary artery catheterization in the setting of full-time intensivist staffing. Acute Card Care. 2012;14:125\u201330.","journal-title":"Acute Card Care"},{"key":"1467_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0767-2","volume":"104","author":"K Fengler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fengler K, Fuernau G, Desch S, Eitel I, Neumann FJ, Olbrich HG, et al. Gender differences in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: a substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015;104:71\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"1467_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.10.023","volume":"28","author":"M\u0130 Hay\u0131ro\u011flu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hay\u0131ro\u011flu M\u0130, Keskin M, Uzun AO, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m D\u0130, Kaya A, \u00c7inier G, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock. Heart Lung Circ. 2019;28:237\u201344.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"1467_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872615568966","volume":"5","author":"JM Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng JM, Helming AM, van Vark LC, Kardys I, Den Uil CA, Jewbali LS, et al. A simple risk chart for initial risk assessment of 30-day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock from ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2016;5:101\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"1467_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2018.08.010","volume":"15","author":"MV Habal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Habal MV, Axsom K, Farr M. Advanced therapies for advanced heart failure in women. Heart Fail Clin. 2019;15:97\u2013107.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"1467_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.06.005","volume":"191","author":"J Wei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wei J, Mehta PK, Grey E, Garberich RF, Hauser R, Bairey Merz CN, et al. Sex-based differences in quality of care and outcomes in a health system using a standardized STEMI protocol. Am Heart J. 2017;191:30\u20136.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1467_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001462","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001462","volume":"4","author":"S Shaefi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shaefi S, O'Gara B, Kociol RD, Joynt K, Mueller A, Nizamuddin J, et al. Effect of cardiogenic shock hospital volume on mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4:e001462.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1467_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-017-1241-9","volume":"34","author":"M\u0130 Hay\u0131ro\u011flu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hay\u0131ro\u011flu M\u0130, Keskin M, Uzun AO, Bozbeyo\u011flu E, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mt\u00fcrk \u00d6, Kozan \u00d6, et al. Predictive value of SYNTAX score II for clinical outcomes in cardiogenic shock underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention; a pilot study. Int J Card Imaging. 2018;34:329\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Card Imaging"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01467-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01467-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01467-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T18:58:53Z","timestamp":1667415533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01467-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01467-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the reference institutional ethics comittee. Since this was a retrospective observational registry, written informed consent was not available in most patients and was not required for being included in this registry. Information of patients was protected according to national normative, and no other administratve permissions were considered.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AAS is member of the editorial board of BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. There are no other conflicts of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"189"}}