{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:45:38Z","timestamp":1782603938357,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Transcatheter closure (TCC) and surgical closure (SC) are the two main approaches for congenital coronary artery fistula (CCAF), but data on the comparisons of the efficacy and safety of these two approaches are limited.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with CCAF in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute between January 2002 and December 2017. Patients who were qualified into our criteria were included into final analysis. The rate of successful closure and complications during hospitalization and at follow-up were compared between SC and TCC groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 121 pediatric patients (male, n\u2009=\u200969; female, n\u2009=\u200952) with CCAF were divided to TCC (n\u2009=\u200963) and SC groups (n\u2009=\u200958) according to the indications. The mean age was 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u00a0years. The baseline characteristics of these two groups were similar except for the fistula anatomic feature. After adjusted for the fistula anatomy, compared to SC, TCC was associated with higher risk of major complications (p\u2009=\u20090.013). Proportions of patients requiring blood transfusion and intra-operative blood loss were higher in SC versus TCC groups, as were longer duration of hospital and ICU stay during hospitalization. In contrast, myocardial ischemia (10.2% vs 0.0%, p\u2009=\u20090.028), residual shunts (16.9% vs 3.6%, p\u2009=\u20090.045) and new-onset moderate-to-severe valve regurgitation (11.9% vs 0.0%, p\u2009=\u20090.013) were higher in TCC group versus SC groups during follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TCC has less invasive and faster recovery. However, SC had a higher successful rate and lower risk of major complications in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01769-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T13:19:15Z","timestamp":1605532755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Congenital coronary artery fistula in pediatric patients: transcatheter versus surgical\u00a0closure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shushui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengbin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1769_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200608000-00005","volume":"332","author":"L Luo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luo L, Kebede S, Wu S, Stouffer GA. Coronary artery fistulae. Am J Med Sci. 2006;332:79\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1769_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810210110","volume":"21","author":"O Yamanaka","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yamanaka O, Hobbs RE. Coronary artery anomalies in 126,595 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1990;21:28\u201340.","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"1769_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-016-1041-6","volume":"106","author":"M Christmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Christmann M, Hoop R, Dave H, Quandt D, Knirsch W, Kretschmar O. Closure of coronary artery fistula in childhood: treatment techniques and long-term follow-up. Clin Res Cardiol. 2017a;106:211\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v3.i8.267","volume":"3","author":"SM Said","year":"2011","unstructured":"Said SM. Current characteristics of congenital coronary artery fistulas in adults: a decade of global experience. World J Cardiol. 2011;3:267\u201377.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.07.014","volume":"27","author":"D Buccheri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buccheri D, Chirco PR, Geraci S, Caramanno G, Cortese B. Coronary artery fistulae: anatomy, diagnosis and management strategies. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27:940\u201351.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"1769_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.06.1052","volume":"28","author":"L Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song L, Dong Y, Wang B, Li J, Qi X, Gao X, et al. The evolution of the minimally invasive approach and conventional median sternotomy for coronary artery fistula correction. Heart Lung Circ. 2019;28:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"1769_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2002.05.001","volume":"98","author":"T Tirilomis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tirilomis T, Aleksic I, Busch T, Zenker D, Ruschewski W, Dalichau H. Congenital coronary artery fistulas in adults: surgical treatment and outcome. Int J Cardiol. 2005;98:57\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR8","first-page":"752","volume":"14","author":"S Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang S, Wu Q, Hu S, Xu J, Sun L, Song Y, et al. Surgical treatment of 52 patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas. Chin Med J (Engl). 2001;14:752\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"1769_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.49.3.284","volume":"49","author":"JF Reidy","year":"1983","unstructured":"Reidy JF, Sowton E, Ross DN. Transcatheter occlusion of coronary to bronchial anastomosis by detachable balloon combined with coronary angioplasty at same procedure. Br Heart J. 1983;49:284\u20137.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"1769_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31821b1f10","volume":"123","author":"TF Feltes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feltes TF, Bacha E, Beekman RH, Cheatham JP, Feinstein JA, Gomes AS, et al. Indications for cardiac catheterization and intervention in pediatric cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:2607\u201352.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1769_CR11","first-page":"822","volume":"123","author":"L Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu L, Xu ZY, Jiang SL, Zheng H, Zhao SH, Ling J, et al. Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula in children. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123:822\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"1769_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01862-2","volume":"71","author":"DL Cheung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheung DL, Au WK, Cheung HH, Chiu CS, Lee WT. Coronary artery fistulas: long-term results of surgical correction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:190\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"1769_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.02.012","volume":"66","author":"ZG Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang ZG, Xu XD, Bai Y, Zhang XL, Tan HW, Zhu YF, et al. Transcatheter closure of medium and large congenital coronaryartery fistula using wire-maintaining technique. J Cardiol. 2015;66:509\u201313.","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12230","volume":"56","author":"SS Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang SS, Zhang ZW, Qian MY, Zhuang J, Zeng GH. Transcatheter closure of coronary arterial fistula in children and adolescents. Pediatr Int. 2014;56:173\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"1769_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007","volume":"30","author":"M Christmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Christmann M, Hoop R, Dave H, Quandt D, Knirsch W, Kretschmar O. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American society of echocardiography developed in collaboration with the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017b;30:303\u201371.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1769_CR16","first-page":"110","volume":"70","author":"LA Latson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Latson LA. Coronary artery fistulas: how to manage them. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2007;70:110\u20136.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1769_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.028","volume":"145","author":"SM Said","year":"2013","unstructured":"Said SM, Burkhart HM, Schaff HV, Connolly HM, Phillips SD, Suri RM, et al. Late outcome of repair of congenital coronary artery fistulas\u2014a word of caution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145:455\u201360.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1769_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.223.205","volume":"223","author":"T Okamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okamura T, Nagashima M, Yamada Y, Hiramatsu T, Yamazaki K. Effective long-term surgical management of congenital coronary artery fistulas. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011;223:205\u20139.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"1769_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1224-3","volume":"36","author":"L Ponthier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ponthier L, Brenot P, Lambert V, Petit J, Riou JY, Baruteau AE. Closure of isolated congenital coronary artery fistula: long-term outcomes and rate of re-intervention. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36:1728\u201334.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12653","volume":"13","author":"V Aggarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aggarwal V, Mulukutla V, Qureshi AM, Justino H. Congenital coronary artery fistula: presentation in the neonatal period and transcatheter closure. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018;13:782\u20137.","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"1769_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2015.05.015","volume":"115","author":"MH Lo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lo MH, Lin IC, Hsieh KS, Huang CF, Chien SJ, Kuo HC, et al. Mid- to long-term follow-up of pediatric patients with coronary artery fistula. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016;115:571\u20136.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"1769_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8183.2010.00621.x","volume":"24","author":"S Harikrishnan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harikrishnan S, Bimal F, Ajithkumar V, Bhat A, Krishnamoorthy KM, Sivasubramonian S, et al. Percutaneous treatment of congenital coronary arteriovenous fistulas. J Intervent Cardiol. 2011;24:208\u201315.","journal-title":"J Intervent Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.109.883884","volume":"3","author":"AM Valente","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valente AM, Lock JE, Gauvreau K, Rodriguez-Huertas E, Joyce C, Armsby L, et al. Predictors of long-term adverse outcomes in patients with congenital coronary artery fistulae. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:134\u20139.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"1769_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.02.044","volume":"100","author":"D Yim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yim D, Yong MS, d\u2019 Udekem Y, Brizard CP, Konstantinov IE. Early surgical repair of the coronary artery fistulae in children: 30 years of experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;100:188\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"1769_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01742-4","volume":"39","author":"LR Armsby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Armsby LR, Keane JF, Sherwood MC, Forbess JM, Perry SB, Lock JE. Management of coronary artery fistulae. Patient selection and results of transcatheter closure. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2002;39:1026\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Intv."},{"key":"1769_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80239-6","volume":"18","author":"JF Reidy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reidy JF, Anjos RT, Qureshi SA, Baker EJ, Tynan MJ. Transcatheter embolization in the treatment of coronary artery fistulas. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 1991;18:187\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Intv"},{"key":"1769_CR27","first-page":"132","volume":"56","author":"V Trehan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trehan V, Yusuf J, Mukhopadhyay S, Rangasetty UC, Mehta V, Gupta MD, et al. Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas. Indian Heart J. 2004;56:132\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"1769_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20650","volume":"32","author":"XY Zhu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhu XY, Zhang DZ, Han XM, Cui CS, Sheng XT, Wang QG, et al. Transcatheter closure of congenital coronary artery fistulae: immediate and long-term follow-up results. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32:506\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-002-1334-6","volume":"23","author":"KS Hsieh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hsieh KS, Huang TC, Lee CL. Coronary artery fistulas in neonates, infants, and children: clinical findings and outcome. Pediatr Cardiol. 2002;23:415\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1769_CR30","first-page":"688","volume":"38","author":"G Yun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun G, Nam TH, Chun EJ. Coronary artery fistulas: pathophysiology. Imaging Find Manag. 2018;38:688\u2013703.","journal-title":"Imaging Find Manag"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01769-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01769-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01769-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T13:34:31Z","timestamp":1605533671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01769-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01769-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study design was approved by the Clinical Research Ethic Committee of Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital. Since this was a retrospective study and no written informed consent was required and the Clinical Research Ethnic Committee of Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital approved the waiver. The Clinical Research Ethic Committee of Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital granted the permission to access the raw data from Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"484"}}