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B cells gather at the site of myocardial injury and secrete cytokines to regulate immune inflammation and fiber repair processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The animal experiment used ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery of C57BL\/6 mice to establish a mouse acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model to observe changes in activated B cells and cytokines at different time points. Twelve-week-old C57BL\/6 male mice were randomly divided into the Sham group (24 mice) (thread under the LAD artery without ligation) and the AMI group (64 mice). In addition, C57BL\/6 B-cell knockout (BKO) mice and C57BL\/6 wild-type (WT) mice were used to establish AMI models to observe the expression levels of cardiomyocyte cytokines, such as TNF-\u03b1 IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TGF-\u03b21, COL1-A1, COL3-AIII, TIMP, and MMP9. Moreover, pathological and collagen changes in the myocardium were analysed. One-way ANOVA and LSD method was used for comparisons of multiple and pairwise groups respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 indicated significant differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An AMI model of C57BL\/6 mice was established successfully. The ratio of activated B cells and the expression of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TGF-\u03b21, and B cell activating factor (BAFF) in the 5-day subgroup were the highest in the myocardium, spleen and peripheral blood with the most obvious myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. The cytokines mRNA expression levels in the 5-day subgroup of the BKO group were decreased compared with those in the WT group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Among the 2-week subgroups of the Sham, WT and BKO groups, the the LVEDd and LVESd of the BKO group were lower than those of the WT group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was higher than that of the WT group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Activated B cells participate in the sustained state of myocardial inflammation and immune system activation after AMI, and may affect the metabolism of myocardial collagen after AMI by secreting cytokines. Moreover, B cells promote the expression of myocardial collagen Type I and Type III and damage the left ventricular ejection function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01775-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T11:08:06Z","timestamp":1609931286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Are activated B cells involved in the process of myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction? 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