{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:13:04Z","timestamp":1772165584053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short QT syndrome is a rare, inherited channelopathy associated with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) but the characteristics and prognosis of short QT interval (SQTI) in Korean patients remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SQTI in a Korean population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive patients with SQTI from January 1999 to March 2019 in three university hospitals in South Korea were recruited.\n SQTI was defined as a Bazett\u2019s formula-corrected QT interval (QTc)\u2009\u2264\u2009340\u00a0ms in serial electrocardiograms. Age- and sex-matched patients with a normal QTc and without overt cardiovascular disease were included in a 1:4 ratio. Clinical and ECG features and outcomes were compared between patients with and without SQTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      34 patients with SQTI [age, 23.5 (21\u201330.5) years; 31 male] were followed up for 4.8 (2.0\u20137.8) years. Early repolarization, tall T wave, and U wave were significantly more frequent in patients with SQTI than in those without SQTI. QT dispersion [44.0 (28.0\u201373.0) vs. 20.0 (12.0\u201335.0) ms,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001] was significantly wider and heart rate [52.0 (47.0\u201358.0) vs. 70.0 (62.3\u201384.0)\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001] was significantly slower in patients with SQTI than in those without. Atrial fibrillation (AF, 11.8% vs. 2.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA)\/SCA (8.7% vs. 0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007) were significantly more frequent in patients with SQTI than in those without. SQTI was significantly associated with AF [odds ratio, 5.911; 95% confidence interval, 1.257\u201327.808;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025] and VA\/SCA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this subset of Korean population, SQTI was associated with AF and VA\/SCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01824-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T15:05:26Z","timestamp":1609945526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-term prognosis of short QT interval in Korean patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dae-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Sun","family":"Uhm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moo-Nyun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Tae","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Youn","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyoung","family":"Joung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Nam","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moon-Hyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.038","volume":"58","author":"C Giustetto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giustetto C, Schimpf R, Mazzanti A, Scrocco C, Maury P, Anttonen O, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with short QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:587\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.038.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000047299","volume":"94","author":"I Gussak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gussak I, Brugada P, Brugada J, Wright RS, Kopecky SL, Chaitman BR, et al. Idiopathic short QT interval: a new clinical syndrome? Cardiology. 2000;94:99\u2013102.","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"1824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000085071.28695.C4","volume":"108","author":"F Gaita","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gaita F, Giustetto C, Bianchi F, Wolpert C, Schimpf R, Riccardi R, et al. Short QT syndrome: a familial cause of sudden death. Circulation. 2003;108:965\u201370.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/ehj\/9.1.54","volume":"9","author":"R Scognamiglio","year":"1988","unstructured":"Scognamiglio R, Fasoli G, Bruni A, Dalla-Volta S. Observations on the capability of the electrocardiogram to detect left ventricular function in chronic severe aortic regurgitation. Eur Heart J. 1988;9:54\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907589","volume":"361","author":"JT Tikkanen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tikkanen JT, Anttonen O, Junttila MJ, Aro AL, Kerola T, Rissanen HA, et al. Long-term outcome associated with early repolarization on electrocardiography. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2529\u201337.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.02.034","volume":"15","author":"P Bjerregaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bjerregaard P. Diagnosis and management of short QT syndrome. Hear Rhythm. 2018;15:1261\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.02.034.","journal-title":"Hear Rhythm"},{"issue":"3","key":"1824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.108510","volume":"140","author":"H Bidoggia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bidoggia H, Maciel JP, Capalozza N, Mosca S, Blaksley EJ, Valverde E, et al. Sex-dependent electrocardiographic pattern of cardiac repolarization. Am Heart J. 2000;140(3):430\u20136.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00d8rgensen IN, Skakkeb\u00c6k A, Andersen NH, Pedersen LN\u00f8, Hougaard DM, Bojesen A, et al. Short QTc interval in males with klinefelter syndrome\u2014Influence of CAG repeat length, body composition, and testosterone replacement therapy. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2015;38:472\u201382.","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12580"},{"key":"1824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3444","volume":"21","author":"T Sedlak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sedlak T, Shufelt C, Iribarren C, Merz CNB. Sex hormones and the QT interval: a review. J Women\u2019s Heal. 2012;21:933\u201341.","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Heal"},{"key":"1824_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"I El-Battrawy","year":"2018","unstructured":"El-Battrawy I, Besler J, Liebe V, Schimpf R, T\u00fcl\u00fcmen E, Rudic B, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with short QT syndrome: clinical profile and outcome. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bjerregaard P, Gussak I. Short QT Syndrome 2.pdf. 2005; 436\u201340.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2005.00064.x"},{"key":"1824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.01.012","volume":"7","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Makiyama T, Koyama T, Kannankeril PJ, Seto S, Okamura K, et al. High prevalence of early repolarization in short QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:647\u201352.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"1824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.05.024","volume":"12","author":"S Frea","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frea S, Giustetto C, Capriolo M, Scrocco C, Fornengo C, Benedetto S, et al. New echocardiographic insights in short QT syndrome: more than a channelopathy? Heart Rhythm. 2015;12:2096\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.05.024.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"1824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.048","volume":"57","author":"MH Gollob","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gollob MH, Redpath CJ, Roberts JD. The short QT syndrome: proposed diagnostic criteria. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:802\u201312.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.06.023","volume":"68","author":"K Hong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hong K, Piper DR, Diaz-Valdecantos A, Brugada J, Oliva A, Burashnikov E, et al. De novo KCNQ1 mutation responsible for atrial fibrillation and short QT syndrome in utero. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;68:433\u201340.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"1824_CR16","unstructured":"Uhm J, Kim M, Kim IS, Jin MN, Yu HT, Lee MH, et al. Long-term prognosis of Asian patients with short QT interval. Heart Rhythm. 2020. https:\/\/www.heartrhythmjournal.com\/article\/S1547-5271(20)30301-5\/pdf."}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01824-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01824-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01824-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T16:12:15Z","timestamp":1609949535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01824-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-020-01824-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-73517\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study design was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Health System (IRB approval number: 4-2019-0644), and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The institutional review board waived both the need for the acquisition of informed consent from patients to be included in the analysis and the need for review by a critical event committee owing to the study\u2019s retrospective nature and the absence of patient identification data. We have got permissions to access the raw data in which personal information is anonymized, from the directors of Yonsei University\u2019s three Severance hospitals.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}