{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:33:13Z","timestamp":1790883193997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is an important precursor to many cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. A report conducted by the American Heart Association showed the prevalence of HC to be 11.9%, with around 28.5 million adults age\u2009\u2265\u200920\u00a0years having high cholesterol levels. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HC and its associated risk factors among the general population of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on the general population of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia in 2016. The representative sample consisted of 1019 individuals, who all participated on a voluntary basis. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of this study showed the prevalence of HC in the sample to be 12.5%. There was a significant moderate positive association between increasing age and the prevalence of HC (r\u2009=\u20090.240, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Males had a significantly higher prevalence of HC (56.7%) compared to their female counterparts (43.3%) (<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200923.093, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.0001). BMI was positively and significantly associated with high cholesterol status. Participants in the overweight category had a significantly higher risk of HC (OR\u2009=\u20091.727; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.58\u20131.914; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046). The non-obese (&lt;\u200925\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) participants had an inverse significant association with the risk of hypercholesterolemia. (OR\u2009=\u20090.411; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.216\u20130.783; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007).\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this population-based study, the predominant risk factors of HC in Al-Kharj region were being of a Saudi nationality, male, having obesity, being unemployed, and being a civilian worker. There is a clear need for future screening studies of HC, as most previous studies have reported contradictory prevalence data (because they were conducted in different regions of KSA). Furthermore, well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed in the future to assess how the association between lifestyle behavioural factors such as dietary intake patterns and levels of physical activity may affect the relative risk of HC status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01825-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T15:05:28Z","timestamp":1610031928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and associated risk factors in Al-Kharj population, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jamaan","family":"Al-Zahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4758-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamdouh M.","family":"Shubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0506-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer","family":"Al-Ghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alrasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Alduraywish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayez Saud","family":"Alreshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed Mastour","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Alsalamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9824-7148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badr F.","family":"Al-Khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aljawharah Ibraheem","family":"Ashathri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-0077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf","family":"El-Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-8651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled K.","family":"Aldossari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9385","key":"1825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)14234-1","volume":"362","author":"P Durrington","year":"2003","unstructured":"Durrington P. 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Consent was taken both verbally and in written form after a thorough explanation of the study procedures was given to the voluntarily recruited participants. Confidentially of the study participants was carefully maintained through data de-identification.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This manuscript did not contain any individual personal data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"22"}}