{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:19:58Z","timestamp":1789510798585,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The natural history of patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS) is poorly understood. We aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of patients with moderate AS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined patients with moderate AS defined by echocardiography in our healthcare system, and performed survival analyses for occurrence of death, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, and progression of AS, with accounting for symptoms, left ventricular dysfunction, and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined 729 patients with moderate AS (median age, 76 years; 59.9\u2009% men) with a median follow-up of 5.0 years (interquartile range: 2.0 to 8.1 years). The 5-year overall survival was 52.3\u2009% (95\u2009% confidence interval [CI]: 48.6\u2009% to 56.0\u2009%) and survival free of death or HF hospitalization was 43.2\u2009% (95\u2009% CI: 39.5\u2009% to 46.9\u2009%). Worse New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was associated with poor long-term survival, with mortality rates ranging from 7.9\u2009% (95\u2009% CI: 6.6\u20139.2\u2009%) to 25.2\u2009% (95\u2009% CI: 20.2\u201330.3\u2009%) per year. Among patients with minimal or no symptoms, no futility markers, and preserved left ventricular function, 5-year overall survival was 71.9\u2009% (95\u2009% CI: 66.4\u201377.4\u2009%) and survival free of death or HF hospitalization was 61.4\u2009% (95\u2009% CI: 55.5\u201367.3\u2009%). Risk factors associated with adverse events were age, NYHA class, low ejection fraction and high aortic valve velocity (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with moderate AS are at significant risk of death. Our findings highlight the need for more study into appropriate therapeutic interventions to improve the prognosis of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-01901-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T16:37:28Z","timestamp":1613839048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Natural history observations in moderate aortic stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"G\u00f6ssl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Enriquez-Sarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao L.","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Stanberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Garberich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6401-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Sorajja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69208-8","volume":"368","author":"VT Nkomo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, Gottdiener JS, Scott CG, Enriquez-Sarano M. Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Lancet (Lond, Engl). 2006;368:1005\u201311.","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond, Engl)"},{"key":"1901_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.537","volume":"63","author":"RA Nishimura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, O\u2019Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM 3rd, Thomas JD. 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll&nbsp; Cardiol. 2014;63:2438\u201388.","journal-title":"J Am Coll&nbsp; Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx391","volume":"38","author":"H Baumgartner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, Iung B, Lancellotti P, Lansac E, Rodriguez Munoz D, Rosenhek R, Sjogren J, Tornos Mas P, Vahanian A, Walther T, Wendler O, Windecker S, Zamorano JL. 2017 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2739\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1901_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.3152","volume":"3","author":"P Lancellotti","year":"2018","unstructured":"4, Lancellotti P, Magne J, Dulgheru R, Clavel MA, Donal E, Vannan MA, Chambers J, Rosenhek R, Habib G, Lloyd G, Nistri S, Garbi M, Marchetta S, Fattouch K, Coisne A, Montaigne D, Modine T, Davin L, Gach O, Radermecker M, Liu S, Gillam L, Rossi A, Galli E, Ilardi F, Tastet L, Capoulade R, Zilberszac R, Vollema EM, Delgado V, Cosyns B, Lafitte S, Bernard A, Pierard LA, Bax JJ, Pibarot P, Oury C. Outcomes of patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis followed up in heart valve clinics. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3:1060\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.05.027","volume":"122","author":"RC Bahler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bahler RC, Hawi R, Rovner A, Finkelhor RS, Thomas CL, Dawson NV. Predicting outcomes in patients with asymptomaticmoderate to severe aortic stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122:851\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.05.013","volume":"145","author":"P Yechoor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yechoor P, Blaustein AS, Bakaeen FG, Cornwell LD, Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Chu D. The natural history of moderate aortic stenosis in a veteran population. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145:1550\u20133.","journal-title":"J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1901_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.004","volume":"74","author":"G Strange","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strange G, Stewart S, Celermajer D, Prior D, Scalia GM, Marwick T, Ilton M, Joseph M, Codde J, Playford D. Poor long-term survival in patients with moderate aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74:1851\u201363.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e011036","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011036","volume":"8","author":"G Delesalle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delesalle G, Bohbot Y, Rusinaru D, Delpierre Q, Marechaux S, Tribouilloy C. Characteristics and prognosis of patients with moderate aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e011036.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1901_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.023","volume":"69","author":"L van Gils","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Gils L, Clavel MA, Vollema EM, Hahn RT, Spitzer E, Delgado V, Nazif T, De Jaegere PP, Geleijnse ML, Ben-Yehuda O, Bax JJ, Leon MB, Pibarot P, Van Mieghem NM. Prognostic implications of moderate aortic stenosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:2383\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.02.009","volume":"30","author":"H Baumgartner","year":"2017","unstructured":"10, Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Edvardsen T, Goldstein S, Lancellotti P, LeFevre M, Miller F Jr, Otto CM. Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: a focused update from the european association of cardiovascular imaging and the american society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:372\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1901_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002310","volume":"129","author":"N Saikrishnan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saikrishnan N, Kumar G, Sawaya FJ, Lerakis S, Yoganathan AP. Accurate assessment of aortic stenosis: a review of diagnostic modalities and hemodynamics. Circulation. 2014;129:244\u201353.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1901_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90771-X","volume":"57","author":"RB Devereux","year":"1986","unstructured":"Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, Reichek N. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57:450\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.10.042","volume":"12","author":"H Niikura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niikura H, Gossl M, Kshettry V, Olson S, Sun B, Askew J, Stanberry L, Garberich R, Tang L, Lesser J, Bae R, Harris KM, Bradley SM, Sorajja P. Causes and clinical outcomes of patients who are ineligible for transcatheter mitral valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Intervent. 2019;12:196\u2013204.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Intervent"},{"key":"1901_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.01.167","volume":"7","author":"BR Lindman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lindman BR, Alexander KP, O\u2019Gara PT, Afilalo J. Futility, benefit, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Intervent. 2014;7:707\u201316.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Intervent"},{"key":"1901_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007220","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007220","volume":"11","author":"L Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang L, Gossl M, Ahmed A, Garberich R, Bradley SM, Niikura H, Witt D, Pedersen WR, Bae R, Lesser JR, Harris KM, Sun B, Mudy K, Sorajja P. Contemporary reasons and clinical outcomes for patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis not undergoing aortic valve replacement. Circulation Cardiovasc Intervent. 2018;11:e007220.","journal-title":"Circulation Cardiovasc Intervent"},{"key":"1901_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.09.001","volume":"60","author":"AP Kappetein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Genereux P, Piazza N, van Mieghem NM, Blackstone EH, Brott TG, Cohen DJ, Cutlip DE, van Es GA, Hahn RT, Kirtane AJ, Krucoff MW, Kodali S, Mack MJ, Mehran R, Rodes-Cabau J, Vranckx P, Webb JG, Windecker S, Serruys PW, Leon MB. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1438\u201354.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.12.005","volume":"57","author":"MB Leon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leon MB, Piazza N, Nikolsky E, Blackstone EH, Cutlip DE, Kappetein AP, Krucoff MW, Mack M, Mehran R, Miller C, Morel MA, Petersen J, Popma JJ, Takkenberg JJ, Vahanian A, van Es GA, Vranckx P, Webb JG, Windecker S, Serruys PW. Standardized endpoint definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation clinical trials: a consensus report from the Valve Academic Research Consortium. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:253\u201369.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.007451","volume":"11","author":"RJ Everett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Everett RJ, Tastet L, Clavel MA, Chin CWL, Capoulade R, Vassiliou VS, Kwiecinski J, Gomez M, van Beek EJR, White AC, Prasad SK, Larose E, Tuck C, Semple S, Newby DE, Pibarot P, Dweck MR. Progression of hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis: a multicenter cardiac magnetic resonance study. Circul Cardiovasc Imag. 2018;11:e007451.","journal-title":"Circul Cardiovasc Imag"},{"key":"1901_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.034","volume":"69","author":"VS Vassiliou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vassiliou VS, Perperoglou A, Raphael CE, Joshi S, Malley T, Everett R, Halliday B, Pennell DJ, Dweck MR, Prasad SK. Midwall fibrosis and 5-year outcome in moderate and severe aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:1755\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.032","volume":"75","author":"RJ Everett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Everett RJ, Treibel TA, Fukui M, Lee H, Rigolli M, Singh A, Bijsterveld P, Tastet L, Musa TA, Dobson L, Chin C, Captur G, Om SY, Wiesemann S, Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Schulz-Menger J, Schelbert EB, Clavel MA, Newby DE, Myerson SG, Pibarot P, Lee S, Cavalcante JL, Lee SP, McCann GP, Greenwood JP, Moon JC, Dweck MR. Extracellular myocardial volume in patients with aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:304\u201316.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009958","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009958","volume":"13","author":"D Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu D, Ito S, Miranda WR, Nkomo VT, Pislaru SV, Villarraga HR, Pellikka PA, Crusan DJ, Oh JK. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain is associated with long-term outcomes in moderate aortic stenosis. Circul Cardiovasc Imag. 2020;13:e009958.","journal-title":"Circul Cardiovasc Imag"},{"key":"1901_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.01.019","volume":"13","author":"C Hayward","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hayward C, Thornton G, Asher A, Tyebally S, Ray-Chaudhuri A, Mangan C, Mouyis K, Harvey G, Saheecha S, Liu S, Singhal A, Karia N, Patel K, Lloyd G, Bhattacharyya S. Determinants of outcome in patients with left ventricular impairment and moderate aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imag. 2020;13:1449\u201350.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imag"},{"key":"1901_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.01.244","volume":"12","author":"MBB Schreuder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schreuder MBB, Daemen JJ, Van Mieghem JNM. Hemodynamic effects of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for moderate aortic stenosis with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Intervent. 2019;12:684\u20136.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Intervent"},{"key":"1901_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv701","volume":"37","author":"Z Samad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samad Z, Vora AN, Dunning A, Schulte PJ, Shaw LK, Al-Enezi F, Ersboll M, McGarrah RW 3rd, Vavalle JP, Shah SH, Kisslo J, Glower D, Harrison JK, Velazquez EJ. Aortic valve surgery and survival in patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2276\u201386.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1901_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.042","volume":"75","author":"KH Chau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chau KH, Douglas PS, Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Khalique OK, Jaber WA, Cremer P, Weissman NJ, Asch FM, Zhang Y, Gertz ZM, Elmariah S, Clavel MA, Thourani VH, Daubert M, Alu MC, Leon MB, Lindman BR. Regression of Left ventricular mass after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the PARTNER trials and registries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:2446\u201358.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1901_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.07.025","volume":"12","author":"MF Eleid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eleid MF, Padang R, Pislaru SV, Greason KL, Crestanello J, Nkomo VT, Pellikka PA, Jentzer JC, Gulati R, Sandhu GS, Holmes DR Jr, Nishimura RA, Rihal CS, Borlaug BA. Effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling. JACC Cardiovasc Intervent. 2019;12:2145\u201354.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Intervent"},{"key":"1901_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e011504","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011504","volume":"8","author":"P Stachon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stachon P, Kaier K, Zirlik A, Bothe W, Heidt T, Zehender M, Bode C, von Zur Muhlen C. Risk-adjusted comparison of in-hospital outcomes of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e011504.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1901_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.08.009","volume":"182","author":"E Spitzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spitzer E, Van Mieghem NM, Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Kodali S, Maurer MS, Nazif TM, Rodes-Cabau J, Paradis JM, Kappetein AP, Ben-Yehuda O, van Es GA, Kallel F, Anderson WN, Tijssen J, Leon MB. Rationale and design of the transcatheter aortic valve replacement to unload the left ventricle in patients with advanced heart failure (TAVR UNLOAD) trial. Am Heart J. 2016;182:80\u20138.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01901-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01901-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01901-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]],"date-time":"2022-12-18T04:56:39Z","timestamp":1671339399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01901-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01901-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Allina Institutional Review Board and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent to participate was obtained from study participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. G\u00f6ssl serves as a consultant for Abbott Structural. Dr. Garcia receives Institutional Research grants from Edwards Lifesciences and Boston Scientific; proctors Edwards Lifesciences. Dr. Sarano is a consultant for Cryolife inc, Edwards Lifesciences LLC. Dr. Cavalcante serves as a consultant for Boston Scientific, Abbott Vascular; a speaker for Medtronic, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, and Siemens Healthineers; receives research grant support from Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Abbott Vascular. Dr. Bae is a consultant for Abbott Structural. Dr. Sorajja is a consultant for Abbott Structural, Anteris, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, TeleFlex, WL Gore. The other authors report no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"108"}}