{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1784201530626,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"345 Talent Project"},{"name":"Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of China Medical University","award":["QGZD2018065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QGZD2018065"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Agency of Liaoning province","award":["2012225098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012225098"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Agency of Shenyang","award":["F16\u2013206\u20139-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F16\u2013206\u20139-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is challenging for most examiners. The malformation often occurs at the aortic isthmus, which is a short segment between the origin of the left subclavian artery and the insertion of the ductus. We report herein a rare case of CoA with a long, angled, and hypoplastic isthmus. The echocardiographic characteristics and postmortem findings are presented to approach the skill of fetal diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A pregnant women undergone fetal echocardiography at 26\u2009+\u20093 gestational weeks in our center. Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) showed that ascending aorta went straight upward branching three brachiocephalic arteries without the appearance of the arch, suggesting the possibility of an interrupted aortic arch. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and high-definition flow imaging technique was performed to obtain the 3D rendered images, which clearly showed the arch and its angled junction with the slim isthmus in space. Intra-uterine fetal death occurred and an autopsy was performed. The gross findings showed the angled hypoplastic aortic isthmus in detail and thus confirmed the prenatal diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Traditional 2DE may be limited in showing the angled hypoplastic aortic isthmus, while the 3DE STIC technique can provide additional spatial information to show great arteries in detail, help to find tiny vessels, and thus benefit the examiners to make an accurate diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-01987-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T19:04:18Z","timestamp":1618340658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta with a long and angled isthmus by two- and three-dimensional echocardiography: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5166-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1987_CR1","volume-title":"Moss and Adams\u2019s heart disease in infants, children and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult","author":"RH Beekman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beekman RH, et al. Coarctation of the aorta. In: Allen HD, Driscoll D, Shaddy RE, et al., editors. Moss and Adams\u2019s heart disease in infants, children and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult, vol. 2. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.","edition":"8"},{"issue":"5","key":"1987_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.897","volume":"22","author":"SJ Yoo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yoo SJ, Min JY, Lee YH, Roman K, Jaeggi E, Smallhorn J. Fetal sonographic diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;22(5):535\u201346.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1987_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024068","volume":"135","author":"A Familiari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Familiari A, Morlando M, Khalil A, et al. Risk factors for coarctation of the aorta on prenatal ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Prenat Diagn. 2014;34(12):1198\u2013206.","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"issue":"7","key":"1987_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1168-7","volume":"36","author":"S Sivanandam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sivanandam S, Nyholm J, Wey A, Bass JL. Right ventricular enlargement in utero: is it coarctation? Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36(7):1376\u201381.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1987_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1515\/pcard-2017-0010","volume":"7","author":"B Swi\u0119chowicz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swi\u0119chowicz B, Respondek-Liberska M. Fetal \u201caortic coarctation\u201d and different neonatal follow-up in 3 cases. 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Written informed consent was obtained from the parents for publication of clinical details, clinical images, and videos.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"As the patient was a fetus, informed written consent was obtained from the mother (legal guardian) for publication of this report and any accompanying clinical data, images and videos.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The Authors declare that there is no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"176"}}