{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:23:24Z","timestamp":1775805804394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The association of infective endocarditis (IE) with spondylodiscitis (SD) was first reported in 1965, but few data are available about this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SD in patients with IE, and to determine the clinical features and the prognostic impact of this association.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed 363 consecutive patients admitted to our Department with non-device-related IE. Radiologically confirmed SD was revealed in 29 patients (8%). Long-term follow-up (average: 3\u00a0years) was obtained by structured telephone interviews; in 95 cases (13 of whom had been affected by SD), follow-up echocardiographic evaluation was also available.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At univariable analysis, the combination of IE with SD was associated with male gender (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017), diabetes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028), drug abuse (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), Streptococcus Viridans (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) and Enterococcus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) infections. At multivariable analysis, all these factors independently correlated with presence of SD in patients with IE. Mortality was similar in patients with and without SD. IE relapses at 3\u00a0years were associated with the presence of SD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> infection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and drug abuse (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but, at multivariable analysis, only drug abuse was an independent predictor of IE relapses (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; HR 6.8, 95% CI 1.6\u201329). At echocardiographic follow-up, SD was not associated with worsening left ventricular systolic function or valvular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The association of IE with SD is not rare. Hence, patients with IE should be screened for metastatic infection of the vertebral column, especially if they have risk factors for it. However, SD does not appear to worsen the prognosis of patients with IE, either in-hospital or long-term.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-01991-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T14:44:14Z","timestamp":1618497854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Endocarditis with spondylodiscitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Del Pace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Scheggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Virgili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Caciolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Olivotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Zoppetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Merilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ceschia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Andrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Alterini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Stef\u00e0no","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Marchionni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1991_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz620","volume":"40","author":"G Habib","year":"2019","unstructured":"Habib G, Erba PA, Iung B, Donal E, Cosyns B, Laroche C, Popescu BA, Prendergast B, Tornos P, Sadeghpour A, Oliver L, Vaskelyte JJ, Sow R, Axler O, Maggioni AP, Lancellotti P, EURO-ENDO Investigators. Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:3222\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1991_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0798-x","volume":"21","author":"G Le Moal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Le Moal G, Roblot F, Paccalin M, Sosner P, Burucoa C, Roblot P, Becq-Giraudon B. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of infective endocarditis when associated with spondylodiscitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:671\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1991_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","volume":"36","author":"G Habib","year":"2015","unstructured":"Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, Dulgheru R, El Khoury G, Erba PA, Iung B, Miro JM, Mulder BJ, Plonska-Gosciniak E, Price S, Roos-Hesselink J, Snygg-Martin U, Thuny F, Mas PT, Vilacosta I, Zamorano JL. for the ESC Scientific Document Group, 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3075\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1991_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007","volume":"30","author":"WA Zoghbi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Hahn RT, Han Y, Hung J, Lang RM, Little SH, Shah DJ, Shernan S, Thavendiranathan P, Thomas JD, Weissman NJ. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:303\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1991_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs043","volume":"41","author":"SAM Nashef","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nashef SAM, Roques F, Sharples LD, Nilsson J, Smith C, Goldstonee AR, Lockowandt U. EuroSCORE II. Eur J Cardiothor Surg. 2012;41:734\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs043.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothor Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1991_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0046-8","volume":"16","author":"K Tamura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tamura K. Clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis with vertebral osteomyelitis. J Infect Chemother. 2010;16(4):260\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10156-010-0046-8.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"1991_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0875","volume":"114","author":"C Herren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herren C, Jung N, Pishnamaz M, Breuninger M, Siewe J, Sobottke R. Spondylodiscitis: diagnosis and treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114:875\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2017.0875.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1991_CR8","first-page":"2","volume":"16","author":"M Fantoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fantoni M, Trecarichi EM, Rossi B, Mazzotta V, Di Giacomo G, Nasto LA, Di Meco E, Pola E. Epidemiological and clinical features of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(Suppl 2):2\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1991_CR9","first-page":"91","volume":"33","author":"D Mulleman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mulleman D, Philippe P, Senneville E, Costes C, Fages L, Deprez X, Flipo RM, Duquesnoy B. Streptococcal and enterococcal spondylodiscitis (vertebral osteomyelitis). High incidence of infective endocarditis in 50 cases. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:91\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1991_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.03.024","volume":"69","author":"LA Cone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cone LA, Hirschberg J, Lopez C, Kanna PK, Goldstein EJ, Kazi A, Gade-Andavolu R, Younes B. Infective endocarditis associated with spondylodiscitis and frequent secondary epidural abscess. Surg Neurol. 2008;69(2):121\u20135.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1991_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.09.023","volume":"83","author":"H Feringa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feringa H, Shaw LJ, Poldermans D, Hoeks S, van der Wall E, Dion RAE, Bax J. Mitral valve repair and replacement in endocarditis: a systematic review of literature. Ann Thoracic Surg. 2007;83(2):564\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.09.023.","journal-title":"Ann Thoracic Surg"},{"key":"1991_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12395","volume":"20","author":"L Alagna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alagna L, Park LP, Nicholson BP, Keiger AJ, Strahilevitz J, Morris A, Wray D, Gordon D, Delahaye F, Edathodu J, Mir\u00f3 JM, Fern\u00e1ndez-Hidalgo N, Nacinovich FM, Shahid R, Woods CW, Joyce MJ, Sexton DJ, Chu VH. Repeat endocarditis: analysis of risk factors based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis\u2014Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Microbiol Infec. 2014;20:566\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12395.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infec"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01991-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01991-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01991-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T14:56:44Z","timestamp":1618498604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01991-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-021-01991-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics Committee (Comitato Etico Regionale per la Sperimentazione Clinica della Regione Toscana, Sezione: AREA VASTA CENTRO, n 12113_oss).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Local ethics Committee granted a waiver of informed consent from study participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"186"}}