{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:08:35Z","timestamp":1792210115708,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Preclinical models that resemble the clinical setting as closely as possible are essential in translating promising therapies for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Closed chest pig left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ischemia reperfusion (I\/R) models are valuable and clinically relevant. Knowledge on the influence of experimental design on infarct size (IS) in these models is a prerequisite for suitable models. To this end, we investigated the impact of several experimental features (occlusion and follow-up time and influence of area at risk (AAR)) on IS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of fifty-one female Landrace pigs were subjected to closed chest LAD balloon occlusion and evaluated in three substudies with varying protocols. To assess the relationship between time of occlusion and the IS, 18 pigs were subjected to 60-, 75- and 90\u00a0min of occlusion and terminated after 24\u00a0h of follow-up. Influence of prolonged follow-up on IS was studied in 18 pigs after 75\u00a0min of occlusion that were terminated at 1, 3 and 7\u00a0days. The relation between AAR and IS was studied in 28 pigs after 60\u00a0min of occlusion and 24\u00a0h of follow-up. The relation between VF, number of shocks and IS was studied in the same 28 pigs after 60\u00a0min of occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Increasing occlusion time resulted in an increased IS as a ratio of the AAR (IS\/AAR). This ranged from 53\u2009\u00b1\u200923% after 60\u00a0min of occlusion to 88\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2% after 90\u00a0min (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Increasing follow-up, from 1 to 3 or 7\u00a0days after 75\u00a0min of occlusion did not effect IS\/AAR. Increasing AAR led to a larger IS\/AAR (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), earlier VF (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.32, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027) and a higher number of shocks (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.29, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) in pigs subjected to 60\u00a0min of occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These experiments describe the association of occlusion time, follow-up duration, AAR and VF with IS in closed chest pig LAD I\/R models. These results have important implications for future I\/R studies in pigs and can serve as a guideline for the selection of appropriate parameters and the optimal experimental design.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-01995-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T15:04:13Z","timestamp":1618239853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Experimental parameters and infarct size in closed chest pig LAD ischemia reperfusion models; lessons learned"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Max J. M.","family":"Silvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardus P. J.","family":"van Hout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aernoud T. 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The study was approved by the Animal Welfare Body of the University of Utrecht, the Netherlands.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"171"}}