{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:55:34Z","timestamp":1776851734400,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incretin therapies appear to provide cardioprotection and improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes, but the mechanism of this effect remains elusive. We have previously shown that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a coronary vasodilator and we sought to investigate if this is an adenosine-mediated effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 41 patients having percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina and allocated them into four groups administering a specific study-related infusion following successful PCI: GLP-1 infusion (Group G) (n\u2009=\u200910); Placebo, normal saline infusion (Group P) (n\u2009=\u200911); GLP-1\u2009+\u2009Theophylline infusion (Group GT) (n\u2009=\u200910); and Theophylline infusion (Group T) (n\u2009=\u200910). A pressure wire assessment of coronary distal pressure and flow velocity (thermodilution transit time\u2014Tmn) at rest and hyperaemia was performed after PCI and repeated following the study infusion to derive basal and index of microvascular resistance (BMR and IMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no significant differences in the demographics of patients recruited to our study. Most of the patients were not diabetic. GLP-1 caused significant reduction of resting Tmn that was not attenuated by theophylline: mean delta Tmn (SD) group G \u2212\u00a00.23\u00a0s (0.27) versus group GT \u2212\u00a00.18\u00a0s (0.37),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.65. Theophylline alone (group T) did not significantly alter resting flow velocity compared to group GT: delta Tmn in group T 0.04\u00a0s (0.15),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30. The resulting decrease in BMR observed in group G persisted in group GT: \u2212\u00a020.83\u00a0mmHg\u00a0s (24.54 vs. \u2212\u00a021.20\u00a0mmHg\u00a0s (30.41),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.97. GLP-1 did not increase circulating adenosine levels in group GT more than group T: delta median adenosine \u2212\u00a02.0\u00a0ng\/ml (\u2212\u00a0117.1, 14.8) versus \u2212\u00a00.5\u00a0ng\/ml (\u2212\u00a019.6, 9.4);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The vasodilatory effect of GLP-1 is not abolished by theophylline and GLP-1 does not increase adenosine levels, indicating an adenosine-independent mechanism of GLP-1 coronary vasodilatation.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trial registration:<\/jats:italic>\n                      The local research ethics committee approved the study (National Research Ethics Service-NRES Committee, East of England): REC reference 14\/EE\/0018. The study was\u00a0performed according to institutional guidelines, was registered on\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (unique identifier: NCT03502083) and the study conformed to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02030-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T08:20:51Z","timestamp":1620030051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["GLP-1 vasodilatation in humans with coronary artery disease is not adenosine mediated"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03502083","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Aetesam-ur-Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel P.","family":"Giblett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Khialani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kyranis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie J.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian X.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise M.","family":"Braganza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick E. 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All participants signed an informed consent to participate in the study and their anonymised data to be used in the subsequent publication. The study was\u00a0performed according to institutional guidelines, was registered on\n                      \n                      (unique identifier: NCT03502083) and the study conformed to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they had no competing interests at the time of study to declare. NW has been appointed as chief medical officer for Abbott Vascular since then.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"223"}}