{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:58:36Z","timestamp":1785545916120,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We evaluated malignancy according to the characteristics of pericardial fluid in symptomatic Japanese patients undergoing pericardiocentesis and computed tomography (CT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study of 125 symptomatic patients undergoing pericardiocentesis. The patients were classified into two groups: a malignancy group and a non-malignancy group, according to the primary disease and cytology of the pericardial effusion (PE). We compared the pericardial fluid sample and CT measurements between both groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All patients were diagnosed as having exudative PE by Light\u2019s criteria. PE with malignant cells was demonstrated in 76.8% of the malignancy group patients. Pericardial to serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio\u2009&gt;\u20090.6, as one of Light\u2019s criteria, was associated with malignancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). Lower serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration was also associated with malignancy (BNP: 126.9\u2009\u00b1\u200989.8\u00a0pg\/ml vs 409.2\u2009\u00b1\u200997.7\u00a0pg\/ml, malignancy vs non-malignancy groups, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037). A significant difference was observed in pericardial fluid glucose level between the malignancy and non-malignancy groups (pericardial fluid glucose: 78.24\u2009\u00b1\u200948.29\u00a0mg\/dl vs 98.41\u2009\u00b1\u200944.85, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048). Moreover, CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units (HU)) tended to be higher in the malignancy group vs the non-malignancy group (22.7 [interquartile range (IQR), 17.4\u201326.0] vs 17.4 [IQR, 13.7\u201326.4], respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08). The sensitivity and specificity of pericardial fluid glucose level\u2009\u2264\u200970\u00a0mg\/dl and CT attenuation values\u2009&gt;\u200920 HU were 40.9% and 89.6%, respectively, in the malignancy group. The positive- and negative predictive values of pericardial fluid glucose level\u2009\u2264\u200970\u00a0mg\/dl and CT attenuation values\u2009&gt;\u200920 HU were 85.7% and 50.0%, respectively, in the malignancy group. Pericardial fluid glucose level\u2009\u2264\u200970\u00a0mg\/dl and CT attenuation values\u2009&gt;\u200920 HU were cutoff values associated with malignancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lower pericardial fluid glucose level with higher CT attenuation values may suggest malignancy-related PE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02091-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T16:04:31Z","timestamp":1622736271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of pericardial fluid glucose level and computed tomography attenuation values on diagnosis of malignancy-related pericardial effusion"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Okune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heitaro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaku","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, Badano L, Bar\u00f3n-Esquivias G, Bogaert J, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). 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This study conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki as reflected in a priori approval by our institution's human research committee. This was a retrospective observational study, with patient enrolment performed by the opt-out method on our hospital website (). The need to obtain informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Kindai University Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"272"}}