{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:04:52Z","timestamp":1780635892373,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a family of\u00a0highly malignant tumors with a multidirectional differential potential. The tumors are characterized by aggressive small round tumor cells that originate from the spinal cord of the central and sympathetic nervous systems. Cases involving the pericardium are extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) that originated in the pericardium.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 23-year-old woman presented with cough and progressive dyspnea for 1\u00a0month, followed by eyelid and facial edema for 10\u00a0days, without any apparent cause. Significantly elevated tumor markers were detected in her blood. A cardiac ultrasound revealed a 74\u00a0mm\u2009\u00d7\u200961\u00a0mm spherical mass that was attached to the left pericardium, as well as massive pericardial effusion. Positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) showed focal hypermetabolism in the left pericardium. Via histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the spherical mass was identified as PNETS. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of surgical resection via thoracotomy and postoperative chemotherapy, and she was disease-free for 7\u00a0years at follow-up. Unfortunately, at 7\u00a0years after the treatment, the patient\u2019s pPNET recurred. Positron emission tomography-MRI (PET-MRI) and 64-slice coronary CTA revealed that the aorta and multiple coronary arteries were involved. Subsequently, the patient refused a heart transplant and voluntarily left the hospital.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This paper reports on a rare and recurrent case of PNET in the parietal pericardium. With respect to the different biologic characteristics and prognoses of pPNETs (compared to other known pericardium tumors), it is essential to consider this entity as a differential diagnosis in pericardium tumors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02113-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T10:03:22Z","timestamp":1623837802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the pericardium: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2113_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-016-1580-3","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cai P, Chen M, Yi X, Li L, Xiao D, et al. Imaging findings of adrenal primitive neroectodermal tumors: a seies of seven cases. Clin Transl Oncol. 2016;19(5):641\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-016-1580-3.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2113_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200203000-00005","volume":"26","author":"EJ Rafael","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rafael EJ, Andrew LF, Rosanna LL, Jae YR, Patricia AO, Sharon WW, Mahul BA. Primary Ewing\u2019s sarcoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 11 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(3):320\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000478-200203000-00005.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2113_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197310)32:4<890::aid-cncr2820320421>3.0.co;2-o","volume":"32","author":"MN Hart","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hart MN, Earle KM. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the brain in children. Cancer. 1973;32(4):890\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(197310)32:4<890::aid-cncr2820320421>3.0.co;2-o.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2113_CR4","first-page":"770","volume":"24","author":"N Koufopoulos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koufopoulos N, Kokkali S, Manatakis D, Balalis D, Nasi D, Ardavanis A, et al. Primary peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the adrenal gland: a rare entity. J BUON. 2019;24(2):770\u20138.","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"issue":"8","key":"2113_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020890","volume":"348","author":"HE Grier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grier HE, Krailo MD, Tarbell NJ, Link MP, Fryer CJH, Pritchard DJ, et al. Addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard chemotherapy for Ewing\u2019s sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(8):694\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa020890.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2113_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2346","volume":"25","author":"S Rajappa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rajappa S, Gundeti S, Varadpande L, Bethune N, Rao S, Digumarti R. Cardiac primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting as acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(4):449\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2346.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"796","key":"2113_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.796.140","volume":"68","author":"KM Mohandas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mohandas KM, Chinoy RF, Merchant NH, Lotliker RG, Desai PB. Malignant small cell tumour (Askin-Rosai) of the pericardium. Postgrad Med J. 1992;68(796):140\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.68.796.140.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2113_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2007.070009","volume":"9","author":"TL Ng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ng TL, O\u2019Sullivan MJ, Pallen CJ, Hayes M, Clarkson PW, Winstanley M, et al. Ewing sarcoma with novel translocation t(2;16) producing an in-frame fusion of FUS and FEV. J Mol Diagn. 2007;9(4):459\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/jmoldx.2007.070009.","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"6","key":"2113_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.51.441","volume":"51","author":"JK Burkhardt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burkhardt JK, Kockro RA, Dohmen-Scheufler H, Woernle CM, Bellut D, Kollias S, et al. Small supratentorial, extraaxial primitive neuroectodermal tumor causing large intracerebral hematoma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2011;51(6):441\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.51.441.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2113_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.04.036","volume":"106","author":"JY Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park JY, Lee S, Kang HJ, Kim HS, Park SY. Primary Ewing\u2019s sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus: a case report and literature review. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;106(2):427\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.04.036.","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2113_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01301","volume":"10","author":"Y Ming","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ming Y, Wu N, Qian T, Li X, Wan DQ, Li C, et al. Progress and future trends in PET\/CT and PET\/MRI molecular imaging approaches for breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2020.01301.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2113_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0381-RA","volume":"139","author":"Q Arif","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arif Q, Husain AN. Malignant mesothelioma diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015;139(8):978\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2013-0381-RA.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2113_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2016.1264542","volume":"18","author":"C Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan C, Kong D, Tan C, Yang J. Isolated cardiac peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a case report. Cancer Biol Ther. 2017;18(1):4\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15384047.2016.1264542.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2113_CR14","first-page":"2155","volume":"11","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Z, Chen R, Ng C, Shi H. Primary pericardial primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a case report and review of literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2018;11(4):2155\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2113_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2350\/11-08-1078-PB.1","volume":"15","author":"M Tsokos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsokos M, Alaggio RD, Dehner LP, Dickman PS. Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor and related tumors. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2012;15(1 Suppl):108\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2350\/11-08-1078-PB.1.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2113_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910401)67:7<1825::aid-cncr2820670702>3.0.co;2-3","volume":"67","author":"BH Kushner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kushner BH, Hajdu SI, Gulati SC, Erlandson RA, Exelby PR, Lieberman PH. Extracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. Cancer. 1991;67(7):1825\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(19910401)67:7<1825::aid-cncr2820670702>3.0.co;2-3.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2113_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.96154","volume":"3","author":"S Saeedinia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saeedinia S, Nouri M, Alimohammadi M, Moradi H, Amirjamshidi A. Primary spinal extradural Ewing\u2019s sarcoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor): report of a case and meta-analysis of the reported cases in the literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2152-7806.96154.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02113-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02113-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02113-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1623837940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02113-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02113-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This case report was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. The patient and her parents consented to participate the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"305"}}