{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:35:38Z","timestamp":1793226938925,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medication adherence is a recognized key factor of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. Cardiac rehabilitation increases medication adherence and adherence to lifestyle changes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation (IH-CR) on medication adherence as well as other cardiovascular outcomes, following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a population-based study. Data were obtained from the Health Information Systems of the Lazio Region, Italy (5 million inhabitants). Hospitalized patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200918\u00a0years with an incident AMI in 2013\u20132015 were investigated. We divided the whole cohort into 4 groups of patients: ST-elevation AMI (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation AMI (NSTEMI) who underwent or not percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during the hospitalization. Primary outcome was medication adherence. Adherence to chronic poly-therapy, based on prescription claims for both 6- and 12-month follow-up, was defined as Medication Possession Ratio (MPR)\u2009\u2265\u200975% to at least 3 of the following medications: antiplatelets, \u03b2-blockers, ACEI\/ARBs, statins. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospital readmission for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), and admission to the emergency department (ED) occurring within a 3-year follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 13.540 patients were enrolled. The median age was 67\u00a0years, 4.552 (34%) patients were female. Among the entire cohort, 1.101 (8%) patients attended IH-CR at 33 regional sites. Relevant differences were observed among the 4 groups previously identified (from 3 to 17%). A strong association between the IH-CR participation and medication adherence was observed among AMI patients who did not undergo PCI, for both 6- and 12-month follow-up. Moreover, NSTEMI-NO-PCI participants had lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted IRR 0.76; 95% CI 0.60\u20130.95), hospital readmission due to MACCE (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65\u20130.94) and admission to the ED (IRR 0.80; 95% CI 0.70\u20130.91).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings highlight the benefits of IH-CR and support clinical guidelines that consider CR an integral part in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, IH-CR participation was extremely low, suggesting the need to identify and correct the barriers to CR participation for this higher-risk group of patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02261-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T03:15:44Z","timestamp":1632712544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The impact of in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation program on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Lazio region of Italy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Soldati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Cesare","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Davoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Francesco","family":"Mureddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2261_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2017.02.005","volume":"27","author":"SR McMahon","year":"2017","unstructured":"McMahon SR, Ades PA, Thompson PD. The role of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2261_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.983536","volume":"123","author":"K Goel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goel K, Lennon RJ, Tilbury RT, Squires RW, Thomas RJ. Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in the community. Circulation. 2011;123:2344\u201352.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2261_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.07.017","volume":"162","author":"PR Lawler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lawler PR, Filion KB, Eisenberg MJ. Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J. 2011;162:571\u201384.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.02.008","volume":"127","author":"SM Dunlay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dunlay SM, Pack QR, Thomas RJ, Killian JM, Roger VL. Participation in cardiac rehabilitation, readmissions, and death after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2014;127:538\u201346.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2261_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.08.001","volume":"170","author":"JA Doll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doll JA, Hellkamp A, Thomas L, Ho PM, Kontos MC, Whooley MA, Boyden TF, Peterson ED, Wang TY. Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation among older patients after acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2015;170:855\u201364.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3819","volume":"175","author":"JA Doll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doll JA, Hellkamp A, Ho PM, Kontos MC, Whooley MA, Peterson ED, Wang TY. Participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs among older patients after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:1700\u20132.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2261_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.080","volume":"54","author":"TM Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown TM, Hernandez AF, Bittner V, Cannon CP, Ellrodt G, Liang L, Peterson ED, Pina IL, Safford MM, Fonarow GC. Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation referral in coronary artery disease patients: findings from the American Heart Association\u2019s Get With The Guidelines Program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:515\u201321.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.11.063","volume":"101","author":"MJ Mazzini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mazzini MJ, Stevens GR, Whalen D, Ozonoff A, Balady GJ. Effect of an American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines program\u2013based clinical pathway on referral and enrollment into cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:1084\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR9","first-page":"547","volume":"18","author":"MF Piepoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. G Ital Cardiol. 2017;18:547\u2013612.","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR10","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Secondary prevention in primary and secondary care for patients following a myocardial infarction. NICE guidelines [CG172]. Published date: November 2013."},{"key":"2261_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.09.014","volume":"167","author":"NK Choudhry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choudhry NK, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, et al. Untangling the relationship between medication adherence and post-myocardial infarction outcomes: medication adherence and clinical outcomes. Am Heart J. 2014;167:51-8.e5.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu505","volume":"36","author":"T Jernberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jernberg T, Hasvold P, Henriksson M, et al. Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1163\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2019.1166","volume":"89","author":"GF Mureddu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mureddu GF, Greco C, Rosato S, D\u2019Errigo P, De Luca L, Badoni G, Faggiano P, Seccareccia F. High thrombotic risk increases adverse clinical events up to 5 years after acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2019;89:1166.","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2261_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi705","volume":"27","author":"GH Gislason","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstr\u00f8m SZ, Gadsb\u00f8ll N, Buch P, Friberg J, Rasmussen S, K\u00f8ber L, Stender S, Madsen M, Torp-Pedersen C. Long-term compliance with beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(10):1153\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3430","volume":"22","author":"U Kirchmayer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirchmayer U, Di Martino M, Agabiti N, et al. Effect of evidence-based drug therapy on long-term outcomes in patients discharged after myocardial infarction: a nested case\u2013control study in Italy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013;22:649\u201357.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2261_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.824","volume":"58","author":"SC Smith Jr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith SC Jr, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, Braun LT, Creager MA, et al. AHA\/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation endorsed by the World Heart Federation and the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:2432\u201346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.044","volume":"67","author":"L Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson L, Oldridge N, Thompson DR, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2017.02.005","volume":"27","author":"SR McMahon","year":"2017","unstructured":"McMahon SR, Ades PA, Thompson PD. The role of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27:420\u20135.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2261_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12944","volume":"174","author":"PM Ho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ho PM, Lambert-Kerzner A, Carey EP, et al. Multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence and secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome hospital discharge: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:186\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2261_CR20","unstructured":"2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J. 2016; 37 (29): 2315\u201381."},{"key":"2261_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","volume":"39","author":"B Ibanez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. 2017 ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39:119\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0094","volume":"78","author":"JCS Joint Working Group","year":"2014","unstructured":"JCS Joint Working Group. Guidelines for rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease (JCS 2012). Circ J. 2014;78:2022\u201393.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2261_CR23","unstructured":"Gilboy N, Tanabe T, Travers D, Rosenau AM (2011) Emergency severity index (ESI): a triage tool for emergency department care, version 4. Implementation handbook 2012 edn. AHRQ publication no. 12-0014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD (ISBN 978-1-58763-416-1)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2261_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092286","volume":"9","author":"N McCormick","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCormick N, Lacaille D, Bhole V, Avina-Zubieta JA. Validity of myocardial infarction diagnoses in administrative databases: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(3):e92286.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"2261_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010926","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010926","volume":"6","author":"M Di Martino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Martino M, Alagna M, Cappai G, et al. Adherence to evidence-based drug therapies after myocardial infarction: is geographic variation rcyelated to hospital of discharge or primary care providers? A cross-classified multilevel design. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e010926.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2261_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.768986","volume":"119","author":"PM Ho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009;119:3028\u201335.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2261_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.03.019","volume":"170","author":"R Mathews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathews R, Wang TY, Honeycutt E, et al. TRANSLATE-ACS Study Investigators: persistence with secondary prevention medications after acute myocardial infarction: insights from the TRANSLATE-ACS study. Am Heart J. 2015;170:62\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2261_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e042878","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042878","volume":"11","author":"S Soldati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soldati S, Di Martino M, Castagno D, Davoli M, Fusco D. In-hospital myocardial infarction and adherence to evidence-based drug therapies: a real-world evaluation. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e042878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042878.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2261_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.11.016","volume":"161","author":"KG Aragam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aragam KG, Moscucci M, Smith DE, Riba AL, Zainea M, Chambers JL, Share D, Gurm HS. Trends and disparities in referral to cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2011;161:544-551.e2.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"000787","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000787","volume":"2","author":"HM Dalal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dalal HM, Wingham J, Palmer J, Taylor R, Petre C, Lewin R. Why do so few patients with heart failure participate in cardiac rehabilitation? A cross-sectional survey from England, Wales and Northern Ireland. BMJ Open. 2012;2:000787.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2261_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.063","volume":"65","author":"KG Aragam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aragam KG, Dai D, Neely ML, Bhatt DL, Roe MT, Rumsfeld JS, Gurm HS. Gaps in referral to cardiac rehabilitation of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2079\u201388.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2019.1160","author":"GF Mureddu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mureddu GF. Secondary cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: what do we need today? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2019.1160.","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"2261_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"00","author":"F Fattirolli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fattirolli F, Bettinardi O, Angelino E, et al. What constitutes the \u2018MinimalCare\u2019 interventions of the nurse, physiotherapist, dietician and psychologist in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and secondary prevention: a position paper from the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Epidemiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;00:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2010.01242.x","volume":"37","author":"U Kirchmayer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kirchmayer U, Agabiti N, Belleudi V, et al. Socio-demographic differences in adherence to evidence-based drug therapy after hospital discharge from acute myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort study in Rome, Italy. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2012;37:37\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2261_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.01.073","volume":"184","author":"C Greco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greco C, Rosato S, D\u2019Errigo P, Mureddu GF, Lacorte E, Seccareccia F. Trends in mortality and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction in Italy from, 2001 to 2011. Int J Cardiol. 2015;184:115\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500857","volume":"372","author":"MP Bonaca","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, et al. PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators: long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1791\u2013800.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2261_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.768","volume":"70","author":"MP Bonaca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonaca MP, Storey RF, Theroux P, et al. Efficacy and safety of ticagrelor over time in patients with prior MI in PEGASUS-TIMI 54. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1368\u201375.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409312","volume":"371","author":"L Mauri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, et al. DAPT study investigators: twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2155\u201366.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2261_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","volume":"376","author":"MS Sabatine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA, Kuder JF, Wang H, Liu T, Wasserman SM, Sever PS, Pedersen TR. For the FOURIER steering committee and investigators*Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:18.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2261_CR40","unstructured":"Steg G et al. ODYSSEY outcomes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome during treatment with Alirocumab trial. ACC 2018."},{"key":"2261_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709118","volume":"377","author":"JW Eikelboom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, Hart RG, Shestakovska O, Diaz R, Alings M, Lonn EM, Anand SS, Widimsky P, Hori M, Avezum A, Piegas LS, Branch KRH, Probstfield J, Bhatt DL, Zhu J, Liang Y, Maggioni AP, Lopez-Jaramillo P, O\u2019Donnell M, Kakkar AK, Fox KAA, Parkhomenko AN, Ertl G, St\u00f6rk S, Keltai M, Ryden L, Pogosova N, Dans AL, Lanas F, Commerford PJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Guzik TJ, Verhamme PB, Vinereanu D, Kim JH, Tonkin AM, Lewis BS, Felix C, Yusoff K, Steg PG, Metsarinne KP, Cook Bruns N, Misselwitz F, Chen E, Leong D, Yusuf S. For the COMPASS investigators (cardiovascular outcomes for people using anticoagulation strategies). N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1319\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"40","key":"2261_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy417","volume":"21","author":"S Doimo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doimo S, Fabris E, Piepoli M, et al. Impact of ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation on cardiovascular outcomes: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Heart J. 2019;21(40):678\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2261_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319833512","volume":"26","author":"S Scalvini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scalvini S, Grossetti F, Paganoni AM, et al. Impact of in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and readmissions in heart failure: a population study in Lombardy, Italy, from 2005 to 2012. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26:808\u201317.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.04.069","volume":"167","author":"R Griffo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griffo R, Ambrosetti M, Tramarin R, et al. Effective secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation after coronary revascularization and predictors of poor adherence to lifestyle modification and medication: cy4results of the ICAROS survey. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:1390\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2261_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066738","volume":"126","author":"B-J Martin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martin B-J, Hauer T, Arena R, Austford LD, Galbraith PD, Lewin AM, Knudtson ML, Ghali WA, Stone JA, Aggarwal SG. Cardiac rehabilitation attendance and outcomes in coronary artery disease patients. Circulation. 2012;126:677\u201387.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2261_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00010","volume":"143","author":"AM Clark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA. Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:659\u201372.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2261_CR47","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology,\u00a0Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2020. Oslo, Norway, 2019."},{"key":"2261_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1014-7","volume":"67","author":"T Grimmsmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grimmsmann T, Himmel W. Discrepancies between prescribed and defined daily doses: a matter of patients or drug classes? Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;67:847\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02261-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02261-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02261-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:04:15Z","timestamp":1675728255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02261-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-021-02261-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by \u2018Lazio Region Ethics Committee' (approval number: 383\/CE Lazio 1). Consent to participate is not required. This is a retrospective, observational, population-based study. Data were collected from Health Information Systems of the Lazio Region, Italy. The Department of Epidemiology is legitimised by the \u201cLazio Region Committee\u201d in managing and analysing data from the regional Health Information Systems for epidemiological purposes. Patient data were completely anonymized, and results were reported in aggregate form only.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"466"}}