{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1784967995450,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81370340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of autoantibodies against the M2-muscarinic receptor (anti-M2-R) on the clinical outcomes of patients receiving the standard treatment for peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 107 PPCM patients who received standard heart failure (HF) treatment between January 1998 and June 2020 were enrolled in this study. According to anti-M2-R reactivity, they were classified into negative (n\u2009=\u200959) and positive (n\u2009=\u200948) groups, denoted as the anti-M2-R (\u2212) and anti-M2-R (+) groups. Echocardiography, 6-min walk distance, serum digoxin concentration (SDC), and routine laboratory tests were performed regularly for 2 years. The all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and rehospitalisation rate for HF were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 103 patients were included in the final data analysis, with 46 in the anti-M2-R (+) group and 57 in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) group. Heart rate was lower in the anti-M2-R (+) group than in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) group at the baseline (102.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.1\u2009bpm vs. 96.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4\u2009bpm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The initial SDC was higher in the anti-M2-R (+) group than in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) group with the same dosage of digoxin (1.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45 vs. 0.78\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u2009ng\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The dosages of metoprolol and digoxin were higher in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) patients than in the anti-M2-R (+) patients (38.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u2009mg b.i.d. vs. 27.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009mg b.i.d., <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, respectively, for metoprolol; 0.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mg\/day vs. 0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u2009mg\/day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, respectively, for digoxin). Furthermore, there was a greater improvement in cardiac function in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) patients than in the anti-M2-R (+) patients. Multivariate analysis identified negativity for anti-M2-R as the independent predictor for the improvement of cardiac function. Rehospitalisation for HF was lower in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) group, but all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were the same.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were no differences in all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality between the two groups. Rehospitalisation rate for HF decreased in the anti-M2-R (\u2212) group. This difference may be related to the regulation of the autonomic nervous system by anti-M2-R.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02414-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T05:02:59Z","timestamp":1640667779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of autoantibodies against the M2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor on clinical outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy patients with standard treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Guiling","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yidan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshih","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k5287","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5287","volume":"364","author":"MC Honigberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Honigberg MC, Givertz MM. 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The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital and BENQ Medical Centre.  All the patients provided written informed consent before study entry.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All patient guardians signed a document of informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"619"}}