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Our outcome of interest was carotid plaque, defined as\u2009&gt;\u20091.5\u00a0mm thickness from the intima-lumen interface to the media-adventitia interface. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to estimate correlates of carotid plaque including HIV-specific and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We enrolled 155 (50.2%) PLWH and 154 (49.8%) HIV-uninfected comparators, with a  mean\u00a0age of \u00a051.4\u00a0years. Among PLWH, the median CD4 count was 433 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and 97.4% were virologically suppressed. Carotid plaque prevalence was higher among PLWH (8.4% vs 3.3%). HIV infection (aOR 3.90; 95% CI 1.12\u201313.60) and current smokers (aOR 6.60; 95% CI 1.22\u201335.80) had higher odds of carotid plaque, whereas moderate (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01\u20131.55) and vigorous intensity of physical activity (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.07\u20131.52) were associated with decreased odds of carotid plaque.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In rural Uganda, PLWH have higher prevalence of carotid plaque compared to age- and sex-matched HIV-uninfected comparators. Future work should explore how biomedical and lifestyle modifications might reduce atherosclerotic burden among PLWH in the region.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02416-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T11:04:41Z","timestamp":1639566281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of carotid plaque in a mixed HIV-serostatus cohort in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Prossy","family":"Bibangambah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda C.","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Acan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth N.","family":"Sentongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle T.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Siedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samson","family":"Okello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601610010034","volume":"10","author":"ABM Kharsany","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kharsany ABM, Karim QA. 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The UGANDAC study procedures were reviewed and approved by the human subjects review boards at the Mbarara University of Science and Technology (Ref. 06\/04-14), Partners Healthcare (Ref. 2014P001928\/MGH), and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (Ref. HS1689). All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LH receives research support from Regeneron and Novartis. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"593"}}