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However, the distribution of peripheral B cell subsets in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be elucidated.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-seven patients with idiopathic DCM (DCM group), 18 control patients with heart failure (HF group) and 21 healthy individuals (HC group) were included in this study. Peripheral B cell subsets were analysed using multicolour flow cytometry. The plasma \u03b21 adrenergic receptor (\u03b21-AR) autoantibody titre was determined using ELISA. Additionally, clinical features were also collected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared with the HF and HC groups, the percentage of B1 cells was significantly decreased, whereas the percentage of transitional B cells (Tr) was significantly increased in the DCM group. Notably, the percentage of B1 cells was significantly lower in patients with \u03b21-AR autoantibody-positive DCM than in \u03b21-AR autoantibody-negative patients. The correlation analysis showed that the percentage of B1 cells was negatively correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and positively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with DCM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As shown in the present study, the percentage of B1 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic DCM is abnormally decreased, especially in \u03b21-AR autoantibody-positive patients, while the percentage of Tr cells is significantly increased, indicating that B1 cells and Tr cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM. 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